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Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Australia
Healthy Environments and Lives (HEAL) Network
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Invited Author’s profile Caitlin Wyrwoll is Associate Professor in the School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia. Her research background is on the impact of stress on placental and fetal development and the
UofL Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
The Center for Integrative Environmental Health Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
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. 2017 , Shi et al. 2019 ). Certain heavy metals like arsenic, mercury, and cadmium also promote beta cell dysfunction through the induction of oxidative stress and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) ( Mimoto et al. 2017 ). Because of the
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described by the two-stage model ( Redman 1991 , Staff 2019 ) in which a first stage of placental oxidative stress leads to the release of factors that result in a second stage of systemic endothelial dysfunction and end-organ damage ( Fig. 1 ). Stage 1 can
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malnutrition and stress in pregnancy on both maternal and offspring health. More recently, Lizzy’s research has focussed on trying to develop safe and effective interventions to improve pregnancy outcomes, particularly in high-risk women such as those entering
