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R Paul Robertson Nutrition Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism Endocrinology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA

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Introduction The editors asked that I write a brief introductory article for this special collection, which focuses on scientific advances in glucagon research and its clinical impacts. In doing so, I will provide a short history of glucagon

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Jennifer H Stern Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA

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Gordon I Smith Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA

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Shiuwei Chen Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA

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Roger H Unger Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA

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Samuel Klein Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA

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Philipp E Scherer Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA

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a major focus of metabolic research in obesity, glucagon is also an important regulator of glycemic control. In fact, Orci and Unger’s ‘bihormonal hypothesis’ (1975) ( Unger & Orci 1975 ) prompted decades of work that created abundant evidence

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Wanbao Yang Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA

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Hui Yan Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA

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Quan Pan Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA

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James Zheng Shen Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA

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Fenghua Zhou Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA

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Chaodong Wu Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA

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Yuxiang Sun Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA

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Shaodong Guo Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA

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Introduction Glucagon secreted from the α-cells of pancreatic islets is a predominant counter regulatory hormone to the action of insulin in control of blood glucose homeostasis ( Habegger et al. 2010 ). This 29 animo acid peptide hormone is

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Jasleen Kaur Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA

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Elizabeth R Seaquist Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA

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Introduction Glucagon is a 29 amino acid pancreatic peptide hormone secreted by the pancreatic alpha cells. It is derived from the precursor hormone proglucagon, which is also a precursor for glucagon-like gut peptides ( Sandoval & D

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Rui Gao Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK

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Samuel Acreman Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Metabolic Research Unit, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden

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Jinfang Ma Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK

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Fernando Abdulkader Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil

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Anna Wendt Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Islet Cell Exocytosis, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

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Quan Zhang Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB - Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal

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Introduction In the body, blood glucose levels are kept within a narrow range by concerted action of glucagon and insulin, the glucose-regulating hormones secreted by α- and β-cells, respectively ( Göke 2008 ). Whereas the islet α-cells were

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James Cantley Division of Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, UK

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Vincent Poitout Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada

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Rebecca L Hull-Meichle Research and Development Service, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington, USA
Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA

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Glucagon, the principal hormone produced by pancreatic islet alpha (α) cells, has a range of profound effects on metabolism including, but not limited to, stimulation of hepatic glucose production. Accordingly, glucagon has been utilised as a

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Hans Eickhoff Obesity Center, Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Department of Surgery A, Faculty of Medicine, Hospital de Santiago, EN 10, km 37, 2900‐722 Setubal, Portugal
Obesity Center, Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Department of Surgery A, Faculty of Medicine, Hospital de Santiago, EN 10, km 37, 2900‐722 Setubal, Portugal

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Teresa Louro Obesity Center, Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Department of Surgery A, Faculty of Medicine, Hospital de Santiago, EN 10, km 37, 2900‐722 Setubal, Portugal
Obesity Center, Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Department of Surgery A, Faculty of Medicine, Hospital de Santiago, EN 10, km 37, 2900‐722 Setubal, Portugal

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Paulo Matafome Obesity Center, Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Department of Surgery A, Faculty of Medicine, Hospital de Santiago, EN 10, km 37, 2900‐722 Setubal, Portugal
Obesity Center, Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Department of Surgery A, Faculty of Medicine, Hospital de Santiago, EN 10, km 37, 2900‐722 Setubal, Portugal

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Raquel Seiça Obesity Center, Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Department of Surgery A, Faculty of Medicine, Hospital de Santiago, EN 10, km 37, 2900‐722 Setubal, Portugal
Obesity Center, Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Department of Surgery A, Faculty of Medicine, Hospital de Santiago, EN 10, km 37, 2900‐722 Setubal, Portugal

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Francisco Castro e Sousa Obesity Center, Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Department of Surgery A, Faculty of Medicine, Hospital de Santiago, EN 10, km 37, 2900‐722 Setubal, Portugal
Obesity Center, Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Department of Surgery A, Faculty of Medicine, Hospital de Santiago, EN 10, km 37, 2900‐722 Setubal, Portugal

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-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) and reduced glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1) secretion seem to play an additional role in the development of type 2 diabetes ( Holst et al . 2009 ). Excessive or inadequate glucagon secretion promoting hepatic gluconeogenesis and

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Emma Rose McGlone Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK

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Stephen R Bloom Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK

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Tricia M-M Tan Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK

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Introduction Glucagon is a peptide hormone secreted by alpha cells in the pancreas which acts on several organs including the liver, kidney, heart and brain ( Marroqui et al. 2014 , Wewer Albrechtsen et al. 2023 ). The precursor protein

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Mingyu Li Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Division of Diabetes, Third Institute of Oceanography, Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Light Hall, Room 711, 2215 Garland Avenue, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA

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E Danielle Dean Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Division of Diabetes, Third Institute of Oceanography, Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Light Hall, Room 711, 2215 Garland Avenue, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA

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Liyuan Zhao Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Division of Diabetes, Third Institute of Oceanography, Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Light Hall, Room 711, 2215 Garland Avenue, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Division of Diabetes, Third Institute of Oceanography, Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Light Hall, Room 711, 2215 Garland Avenue, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA

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Wendell E Nicholson Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Division of Diabetes, Third Institute of Oceanography, Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Light Hall, Room 711, 2215 Garland Avenue, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA

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Alvin C Powers Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Division of Diabetes, Third Institute of Oceanography, Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Light Hall, Room 711, 2215 Garland Avenue, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Division of Diabetes, Third Institute of Oceanography, Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Light Hall, Room 711, 2215 Garland Avenue, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Division of Diabetes, Third Institute of Oceanography, Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Light Hall, Room 711, 2215 Garland Avenue, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA

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Wenbiao Chen Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Division of Diabetes, Third Institute of Oceanography, Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Light Hall, Room 711, 2215 Garland Avenue, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA

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Introduction Glucagon is a peptide hormone secreted by pancreatic α-cells. It is the main counter-regulatory hormone of insulin. Glucagon acts primarily on liver through glucagon receptor (GCGR) to regulate hepatic glucose production ( Mayo et al

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Michael Merkhassine Loftus Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York, USA
VCA Colonial Animal Hospital, Ithaca, New York, USA

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Reilly W Coch Loftus Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York, USA
Weill Cornell College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA

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Carol E Frederick Loftus Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York, USA

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Lucinda L Bennett Loftus Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York, USA

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Seth A Peng Loftus Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York, USA
Fate Therapeutics, San Diego, California, USA

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Benjamin Morse Loftus Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York, USA

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Bethany P Cummings Center for Alimentary and Metabolic Science, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA

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John P Loftus Loftus Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York, USA

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Introduction Glucagon is a pancreatic endocrine hormone involved in regulating circulating glucose and amino acid (AA) levels and is an important therapeutic target for various metabolic and gastrointestinal conditions ( Unger & Cherrington

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