important contributors to tissue crosstalk and systemic inflammatory burden. The functional role of the adipokines, leptin and adiponectin, as mediators of metabolic health and insulin sensitivity are well described. However, at present the functional role
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Thomas Nicholson, Chris Church, Kostas Tsintzas, Robert Jones, Leigh Breen, Edward T Davis, David J Baker, and Simon W Jones
Keld Fosgerau, Kirsten Raun, Cecilia Nilsson, Kirsten Dahl, and Birgitte S Wulff
improvement of insulin sensitivity. As the melanocortin receptors are involved in several different physiological responses, it is important to obtain agonists that are selective for the MC4-R in order to avoid possible side effects derived from activation of
Sandra Pereira, Wen Qin Yu, María E Frigolet, Jacqueline L Beaudry, Yaniv Shpilberg, Edward Park, Cristina Dirlea, B L Grégoire Nyomba, Michael C Riddell, I George Fantus, and Adria Giacca
in hepatic and peripheral insulin resistance ( Cai et al . 2005 ). Hepatocyte-specific IKKB knockout (KO) mice show improved hepatic insulin sensitivity when challenged with high-fat feeding ( Arkan et al . 2005 ). Salicylates ameliorate glucose
Yoshinori Kanemaru, Norio Harada, Satoko Shimazu-Kuwahara, Shunsuke Yamane, Eri Ikeguchi, Yuki Murata, Sakura Kiyobayashi, Tomonobu Hatoko, and Nobuya Inagaki
composition, glucose tolerance, and insulin sensitivity under carbohydrate-based normal diet feeding condition using GIP-knockout mice. Materials and methods Animals GIP-knockout mice were generated previously ( Nasteska et al . 2014 ). GIP
Sian J S Simpson, Lorna I F Smith, Peter M Jones, and James E Bowe
respond to exogenous insulin administration and lowering of blood glucose; however, none of the CRHR antagonists had any detectable effects on insulin sensitivity ( Fig. 4C and D ). Chronic treatment of non-pregnant female mice with α-helical CRF 9
Gulizar Issa Ameen and Silvia Mora
acid oxidation in skeletal muscle and whole-body insulin sensitivity ( Molero et al . 2004 ). These mice have also exhibited resistance to the deleterious effects of a high-fat diet ( Molero et al . 2006 ). White adipose tissue (WAT) has an
M E Cleasby, Q Lau, E Polkinghorne, S A Patel, S J Leslie, N Turner, G J Cooney, A Xu, and E W Kraegen
adiponectin to increase both fatty acid oxidation and glucose disposal into skeletal muscle ( Yamauchi et al . 2002 , Yoon et al . 2006 ) and additionally to improve insulin sensitivity ( Yamauchi et al . 2001 ) has been proposed, effects that have been
Mark E Cleasby, Pauline M Jamieson, and Philip J Atherton
stimulation by supply of essential amino acids and insulin. Optimal insulin sensitivity favours glucose disposal and oxidation of lipids. (B) Muscle of aged adult with sarcopenic obesity. Obesity-associated increases in intramyocellular lipid deposition, among
Michael Rouse, Antoine Younès, and Josephine M Egan
et al . 2006 , Szkudelski & Szkudelska 2011 , Fiori et al . 2013 ). Recent studies in humans have revealed that RES supplementation improved glycemic control, and insulin sensitivity, and reduced oxidative stress in T2DM patients ( Kar et al
Manon M Roustit, Joan M Vaughan, Pauline M Jamieson, and Mark E Cleasby
et al . 2003 , Chanalaris et al . 2005 , Reutenauer-Patte et al . 2012 ). UCN2-knockout mice show increased whole-body insulin sensitivity and resist the effects of an HFD, due to CRFR2-mediated activation of AKT and ERK1/2 signalling in skeletal
