proteins/amino acids. Thus, we have recently addressed several simple questions. First, does glucose itself cause insulin resistance in the absence of insulin? Our results show that animals with untreated hyperglycemia in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM
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Xuefeng Yang, Shuang Mei, Haihua Gu, Huailan Guo, Longying Zha, Junwei Cai, Xuefeng Li, Zhenqi Liu, and Wenhong Cao
Jeffrey Friedman
efficacy for the treatment of type 1 diabetes. This possibility has now been tested in streptozotocin-treated mice who are either partial or completely insulin deficient. In both cases, leptin markedly lowered blood glucose. Indeed in one study, untreated
Qinglei Yin, Liyun Shen, Yicheng Qi, Dalong Song, Lei Ye, Ying Peng, Yanqiu Wang, Zhou Jin, Guang Ning, Weiqing Wang, Dongping Lin, and Shu Wang
addition, the SIRT1 activator resveratrol has been shown to prevent and treat spontaneous type 1 diabetes, which normally develops in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice ( Lee et al. 2011 ). In contrast, there is a paucity of studies regarding the role of SIRT1
Shuang-Xia Zhao, Shanli Tsui, Anthony Cheung, Raymond S Douglas, Terry J Smith, and J Paul Banga
Banga JP 2000 Two distantly spaced amino acids in glutamic acid decarboxylase act in concert for maintainance of conformational determinants recognised by heterogeneous autoantibodies in type 1 diabetes . Diabetologia 43 881 – 889 doi:10
Jethro S Johnson, Monica N Opiyo, Marian Thomson, Karim Gharbi, Jonathan R Seckl, Andreas Heger, and Karen E Chapman
Ilonen J Knip M Hyoty H 2011 Toward defining the autoimmune microbiome for type 1 diabetes . ISME Journal 5 82 – 91 . ( doi:10.1038/ismej.2010.92 ) Goodrich JK Waters JL Poole AC Sutter JL Koren O Blekhman R
Ashley Patton, Tyler Church, Caroline Wilson, Jean Thuma, Douglas J Goetz, Darlene E Berryman, Edward O List, Frank Schwartz, and Kelly D McCall
MC Benencia F Malgor R Schwartz FL 2013 Phenylmethimazole suppresses dsRNA-induced cytotoxicity and inflammatory cytokines in murine pancreatic beta cells and blocks viral acceleration of type 1 diabetes in NOD mice . Molecules 18 3841
A Edlund, M Barghouth, M Hühn, M Abels, J S E Esguerra, I G Mollet, E Svedin, A Wendt, E Renström, E Zhang, N Wierup, B J Scholte, M Flodström-Tullberg, and L Eliasson
implicated in CF but not to the extent seen in type 1 diabetes ( Moran et al. 2010 ). Moreover, treatment with the CFTR corrector Ivacaftor restored beta cell function and insulin secretion in CF patients ( Bellin et al. 2013 , Kelly et al. 2019
