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Xiong Weng Division of Cellular and Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK

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Hao Jiang Gene Expression and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK

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David J Walker Division of Cellular and Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK

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Houjiang Zhou MRC Protein Phosphorylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, Dundee, Scotland, UK

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De Lin Drug Discovery Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK

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Jing Wang Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (BKV), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden

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Li Kang Division of Cellular and Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK

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WAT mass with larger adipocytes and increased lipogenic gene expression (e.g. Cidec, Fasn, Fabp1, Mogat2 ) ( Kang et al . 2013 ), indicative of enhanced adipogenesis and lipogenesis, which support our findings. Moreover, we provided additional

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Renata Risi Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK

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Antonio Vidal-Puig University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK
Cambridge University Nanjing Centre of Technology and Innovation, Nanjing, P. R. China
Centro de Investigacion Principe Felipe, Valencia, Spain

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Guillaume Bidault University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK

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results from an imbalance between lipid synthesis, uptake and disposal. While de novo lipogenesis does not substantially contribute to pancreatic islets’ fatty acid content, at least in non-stimulated states, circulating FFAs represent the primary source

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Md Nurul Islam Division of Neurology, Respirology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan

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Yuichiro Mita Division of Neurology, Respirology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
Systems Life Sciences Laboratory, Department of Medical Life Systems, Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan

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Keisuke Maruyama Division of Neurology, Respirology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan

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Ryota Tanida Division of Neurology, Respirology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
Department of Sports and Fitness, Faculty of Wellness, Shigakkan University, Aichi, Japan

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Weidong Zhang Division of Neurology, Respirology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan

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Hideyuki Sakoda Division of Neurology, Respirology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan

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Masamitsu Nakazato Division of Neurology, Respirology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
CREST (Japan) Agency for Medical Research and Development (A-MED) 1-7-1 Otemachi, Tokyo, Japan

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2016 Acylated and desacyl ghrelin are associated with hepatic lipogenesis, β-oxidation and autophagy: role in NAFLD amelioration after sleeve gastrectomy in obese rats . Scientific Reports 39942 . ( https://doi.org/10.1038/srep39942 ) Friedman

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T Mracek
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D Gao
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T Tzanavari
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Y Bao
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X Xiao
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C Stocker Obesity Biology Research Unit, Clore Laboratory, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Duncan Building, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK

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P Trayhurn
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C Bing
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enhanced lipogenesis. Given the role of ZAG as an LMF, the fall of ZAG synthesis in the liver of obese mice may contribute to the hepatic accumulation of triglycerides. In addition to alterations in lipid metabolism, there are significant disturbances in

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Alyce M Martin College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia

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Emily W Sun College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia

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Damien J Keating College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
Nutrition and Metabolism, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia

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, together with GIP, ghrelin increases the storage of lipids by upregulating lipogenesis ( Getty-Kaushik et al . 2006 , Theander-Carrillo et al . 2006 ). On the other hand, gut hormones that increase thermogenic capacity of adipocytes can prevent the

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T’ng Choong Kwok University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

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Roland H Stimson University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

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), or through de novo lipogenesis from glucose ( Held et al. 2018 , Jung et al. 2021 ). Further studies and techniques are required to determine the contribution of these processes to triglyceride replenishment in human BAT. MRI can also be

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Esther Nuñez-Durán Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Belén Chanclón Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
Department of Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Silva Sütt Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Joana Real Department of Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Hanns-Ulrich Marschall Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Ingrid Wernstedt Asterholm Department of Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Emmelie Cansby Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Margit Mahlapuu Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden

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mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation on the other side (output) – or a combination of these mechanisms. We found that the pancreatic mRNA expression of the two key enzymes in de novo lipogenesis – acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 ( Acaca, also known as Acc1 ) and fatty

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Maayan Vatarescu The Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
The National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev (NIBN), Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel

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Sapir Bechor The Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
The National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev (NIBN), Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel

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Yulia Haim The Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
The National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev (NIBN), Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel

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Tal Pecht The Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
The National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev (NIBN), Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel

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Tanya Tarnovscki The Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel

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Noa Slutsky The Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel

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Ori Nov The Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel

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Hagit Shapiro The Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel

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Avishai Shemesh The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel

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Angel Porgador The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel

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Nava Bashan The Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel

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Assaf Rudich The Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
The National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev (NIBN), Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel

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histologically, a marked reversal of hepatic steatosis was observed. mRNA levels of either the rate-limiting enzyme of de-novo lipogenesis (acetyl CoA carboxylase, Acaca ) or of cholesterol biosynthesis (HMG-CoA reductase, Hmgcr ) and the lipogenic

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Michael Rouse Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA

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Antoine Younès Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA

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Josephine M Egan Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA

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Foltz W Lu H Fantus IG Jin T 2012 Curcumin prevents high fat diet induced insulin resistance and obesity via attenuating lipogenesis in liver and inflammatory pathway in adipocytes . PLoS ONE 7 e28784 . ( doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0028784

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Manon M Roustit
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Joan M Vaughan Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Laboratory of Neuronal Structure and Function, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK

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Pauline M Jamieson Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Laboratory of Neuronal Structure and Function, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK

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Mark E Cleasby
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cycling between de novo lipogenesis and lipid oxidation . Endocrinology 147 31 – 38 . ( doi:10.1210/en.2005-1033 ) Stenholm S Harris TB Rantanen T Visser M Kritchevsky SB Ferrucci L 2008 Sarcopenic obesity: definition, cause and

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