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Sebastian R Vanin Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, and Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada

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Kendrick Lee Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, and Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada

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Mina Nashed Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada

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Brennan Tse Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The Lawson Health Research Institute and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada

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Mohammed Sarikahya Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada

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Sukham Brar Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The Lawson Health Research Institute and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada

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Gregg Tomy Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada

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Amica-Mariae Lucas Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada

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Thane Tomy Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada

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Steven R Laviolette Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada

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Edith J Arany Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The Lawson Health Research Institute and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada

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Daniel B Hardy Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, and Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
The Lawson Health Research Institute and the Children's Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada

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Introduction Reports in North America suggest that 3–22% of women, ages 18–24, consume cannabis during pregnancy ( Young-Wolff et al. 2019 ). This high rate of prenatal cannabis use is attributed to the perception that cannabis does not pose

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Vicki Chen Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada

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Gia V Shelp Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada

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Jacob L Schwartz Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada

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Niklas D J Aardema Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, United States

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Madison L Bunnell Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, United States

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Clara E Cho Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada

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Introduction Diets consumed during pregnancy can induce persistent alterations in the regulation of energy balance and influence susceptibility to chronic diseases ( McMillen & Robinson 2005 ). Both over- and under-nutrition are associated

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David O'Regan Endocrinology Unit, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Centre for Cardiovascular Science, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK

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Christopher J Kenyon Endocrinology Unit, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Centre for Cardiovascular Science, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK

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Jonathan R Seckl Endocrinology Unit, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Centre for Cardiovascular Science, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK

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Megan C Holmes Endocrinology Unit, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Centre for Cardiovascular Science, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK

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to alter vascular responsivity to vasoconstrictors. Similar findings have been reported with DEX administration during pregnancy in sheep ( Stein et al . 1994 , Padbury et al . 1995 , Tseng et al . 1995 ). To study more closely diurnal

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Sara Della Torre Center of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

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Gianpaolo Rando Center of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

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Clara Meda Center of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

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Paolo Ciana Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

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Luisa Ottobrini Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

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Adriana Maggi Center of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

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inhibitors) that may interfere with oestrogen signalling during pregnancy, a better understanding of the oestrogen-dependent programmes in ontogeny is indispensable for the comprehension of the role of sex in the incidence of several pathologies and for the

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Joachim M Weitzel Institute of Reproductive Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany

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Torsten Viergutz Institute of Reproductive Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany

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Dirk Albrecht Institute of Microbiology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany

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Rupert Bruckmaier Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland

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Marion Schmicke Clinic for Cattle, Endocrinology Laboratory, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany

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Armin Tuchscherer Institute of Genetics and Biometry, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany

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Franziska Koch Institute of Nutritional Physiology ‘Oskar Kellner’, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany

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Björn Kuhla Institute of Nutritional Physiology ‘Oskar Kellner’, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany

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TH-mediated signaling in early lactation but not in late pregnancy is specifically regulated due to increased temperature but not due to accompanied reduced energy intake. Our results further demonstrate diminished hepatic TH sensitivity in HS late

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Colin P Sibley Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
St Mary’s Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK

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Introduction By the end of pregnancy the human placenta is the largest endocrine organ in a woman, secreting large quantities of an array of hormones into both maternal and fetal plasma ( Costa 2016 ). These hormones control maternal

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M A Hyatt Early Life Nutrition Research Unit, Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Department of Animal Sciences, Division of Human Development, Academic Child Health

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D H Keisler Early Life Nutrition Research Unit, Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Department of Animal Sciences, Division of Human Development, Academic Child Health

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H Budge Early Life Nutrition Research Unit, Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Department of Animal Sciences, Division of Human Development, Academic Child Health
Early Life Nutrition Research Unit, Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Department of Animal Sciences, Division of Human Development, Academic Child Health

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M E Symonds Early Life Nutrition Research Unit, Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Department of Animal Sciences, Division of Human Development, Academic Child Health
Early Life Nutrition Research Unit, Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Department of Animal Sciences, Division of Human Development, Academic Child Health

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al . 2005 b , Berthiaume et al . 2007 , De Sousa Peixoto et al . 2008 ). Gene expression and function of these proteins are dependent in part on the maternal diet through pregnancy ( Whorwood et al . 2001 , Bispham et al . 2005 , Gnanalingham

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Graham W Aberdeen Departments of Obstetrics, Gynecology, Reproductive Sciences and Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA

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Jeffery S Babischkin Departments of Obstetrics, Gynecology, Reproductive Sciences and Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA

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Gerald J Pepe Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, USA

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Eugene D Albrecht Departments of Obstetrics, Gynecology, Reproductive Sciences and Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA

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disturbing trend. The hormonal milieu of pregnancy has an extremely important role in programming the developmental events in the fetus that control metabolic function after birth in the offspring ( Hoffman et al. 2021 ). Thus, circumstances in which the

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Jin-Ran Chen Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA

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Oxana P Lazarenko Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA

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Haijun Zhao Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA

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Alexander W Alund Interdisciplinary Biomedical Sciences , University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA

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Kartik Shankar Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA

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). After 12 weeks of diet intervention (pre-pregnancy), mice were time-impregnated ( n  = 12 per group) by control male mice; this HFD-induced maternal obesity mouse model was similar to what we described previously in rats ( Chen et al . 2012 ). Pregnant

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Denys deCatanzaro Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

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Tyler Pollock Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

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). Receptivity of the uterus in mice also requires a small amount of E 2 after P 4 priming ( Huet-Hudson & Dey 1990 ). Male-sourced uterine E 2 can also end a pregnancy sired by a previous male. Small elevations of E 2 above optimal levels, mimicked by as

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