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Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Diabetology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Eberhard-Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Center Munich, Eberhard-Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Diabetology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Eberhard-Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Center Munich, Eberhard-Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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anti-inflammatory factors such as adiponectin and IL-10, exacerbating hepatic inflammation, insulin resistance, and steatosis ( Abenavoli & Peta 2014 , Stojsavljević et al. 2014 ). While adipose tissue is an endocrine organ and the main storage place
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suggests that altered production of adipose-derived protein factors (adipokines), such as leptin, tumour necrosis factor-α (TNFα), adiponectin and chemerin, plays an important role. Zinc-α2-glycoprotein (ZAG, also called AZGP1) is a secreted, soluble
University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK
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Cambridge University Nanjing Centre of Technology and Innovation, Nanjing, P. R. China
Centro de Investigacion Principe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
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higher release of adiponectin ( Drolet et al. 2009 ) and leptin ( Van Harmelen et al. 1998 ). On the other hand, vWAT tends to release larger amounts of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6 ( Fontana et al. 2007 ). Concerning obesity, an
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organ that secretes a variety of 'adipokines' including leptin, adiponectin, resistin, and asprosin ( Fasshauer & Bluher 2015 ). Asprosin, the c-terminal propeptide of FBN1 ( Muthu & Reinhardt 2020 ), is a novel adipokine secreted mainly by white adipose
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-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β) in obese individuals contribute to a reduced hepatic expression of SHBG and low plasma SHBG levels by reducing HNF4-α levels in the liver ( Simo et al. 2012a , b ). Furthermore, adiponectin appears to increase plasma SHBG
Department of Nutrition, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Department of Preventive Medicine, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Department of Medicine, Department of Medicine (Endocrinology), Department of Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Gillings School of Global Public Health, Nutrition Research Institute (NRI) at Kannapolis, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27559, USA
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Department of Nutrition, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Department of Preventive Medicine, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Department of Medicine, Department of Medicine (Endocrinology), Department of Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Gillings School of Global Public Health, Nutrition Research Institute (NRI) at Kannapolis, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27559, USA
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Department of Nutrition, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Department of Preventive Medicine, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Department of Medicine, Department of Medicine (Endocrinology), Department of Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Gillings School of Global Public Health, Nutrition Research Institute (NRI) at Kannapolis, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27559, USA
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Department of Nutrition, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Department of Preventive Medicine, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Department of Medicine, Department of Medicine (Endocrinology), Department of Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Gillings School of Global Public Health, Nutrition Research Institute (NRI) at Kannapolis, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27559, USA
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Department of Nutrition, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Department of Preventive Medicine, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Department of Medicine, Department of Medicine (Endocrinology), Department of Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Gillings School of Global Public Health, Nutrition Research Institute (NRI) at Kannapolis, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27559, USA
Department of Nutrition, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Department of Preventive Medicine, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Department of Medicine, Department of Medicine (Endocrinology), Department of Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Gillings School of Global Public Health, Nutrition Research Institute (NRI) at Kannapolis, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27559, USA
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). Leptin, adiponectin, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) were measured with kits obtained from Abcam (Cambridge, UK) (Cat No: ab100718, ab108785, and ab46105). Endogenous insulin and growth hormone were detected with ELISA kits purchased from Millipore
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University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
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testicular tissue in vitro , leptin inhibited the ground state, and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)-stimulated testosterone secretion. Caminos et al . (2008) found that after adiponectin treatment, the ground state and hCG-stimulated testosterone
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important contributors to tissue crosstalk and systemic inflammatory burden. The functional role of the adipokines, leptin and adiponectin, as mediators of metabolic health and insulin sensitivity are well described. However, at present the functional role
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all three adipose-specific marker genes, PPAR γ 2 ( PPARG ; Fig. 3 A), fatty acid binding protein 4 ( FABP4 ; Fig. 3 B) and adiponectin/ ADIPOQ ( Fig. 3 C), were induced in a 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 concentration and time-dependent manner ( P <0.001 for
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Nutrition and Metabolism, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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of these adipokines, which poses another secondary mechanism by which they regulate peripheral metabolism via adipose tissue. Specifically, 5-HT attenuates the release of adiponectin from WAT ( Uchida-Kitajima et al . 2008 ), an insulin