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Centre for Discovery Brain Science, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, Edinburgh, UK
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Mass Spectrometry Core Laboratory, Edinburgh Clinical Research Facility, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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both sexes are required, particularly given the differences in the distribution of adipose tissue between sexes, as well as sexual dimorphism in enzyme activity ( Jamieson et al. 2000 ) and other regulatory factors such as binding globulins ( Toews
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: sexual dimorphism and changes across the estrous cycle . Endocrinology 138 3842 – 3848 . doi:10.1210/en.138.9.3842 . Bao AM Liu RY van Someren EJ Hofman MA Cao YX Zhou JN 2003 Diurnal rhythm of free estradiol during the menstrual
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Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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phenotype, the effect on females was mild despite a similar decrease in total bile acid levels. The mechanism that underpins the sexual dimorphism is unclear, but differences in the composition of the bile acid pool may be involved. The expression and
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.1159/000332822 ) Clarkson J Herbison AE 2006 Postnatal development of kisspeptin neurons in mouse hypothalamus; sexual dimorphism and projections to gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons . Endocrinology 147 5817 – 5825 . ( doi:10.1210/en.2006-0787 ) Cleary
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: MacGraw Hill . Fulton CT Stallone JN 2002 Sexual dimorphism in prostanoid-potentiated vascular contraction: roles of endothelium and ovarian steroids . American Journal of Physiology 283 H2062 – H2073 . Garcia
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glucose transporter by insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) . PLoS One 9 e106037 . ( https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0106037 ) Beetch M & Alejandro EU 2021 Placental mTOR signaling and sexual dimorphism in metabolic health across the lifespan
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CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica (IMIBIC)/Hospital Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
FiDiPro Program, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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. ( https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-328X(97)00351-3 ) 9526077 10.1016/S0169-328X(97)00351-3 Palmer BF Clegg DJ 2015 The sexual dimorphism of obesity . Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 402 113 – 119 . ( https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mce.2014
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, Flenniken AM , 2017 Prevalence of sexual dimorphism in mammalian phenotypic traits . Nature Communications 8 15475. ( https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms15475 ) Kerr NL 1998 HARKing: hypothesizing after the results are known . Personality and Social
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Edinburgh Preclinical Imaging, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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1982 Testosterone-mediated sexual dimorphism of the rodent heart. Ventricular lysosomes, mitochondria, and cell growth are modulated by androgens . Circulation Research 50 782 – 787 . ( doi:10.1161/01.RES.50.6.782 ) Kuster GM Kotlyar E
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of pharmacological interventions and drug metabolism ( Kautzky-Willer et al. 2023 ). This sexual dimorphism is poorly understood for various reasons. First, preclinical assessment of novel antidiabetic compounds generally tends to be conducted in