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Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina Doris Rosenthal, Laboratório de Biologia do Exercício, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho and Instituto de Pesquisa Translacional em Saúde e Ambiente na Região Amazônica (INPeTAM), CCS-Bloco G- Cidade Universitria, Ilha do Fundo, Rio de Janeiro 21949-900, Brazil
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administered to control animals ( Lanni et al . 2005 ). Additionally, Lombardi et al . (2009) demonstrated that 3,5-T2 rapidly enhances the fatty acid oxidation rate in skeletal muscle. Apart from the chronic effects of 3,5-T2, acute and most likely non
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-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) is a major regulator of exercise-induced phenotypic adaptation and substrate utilization. A modest (~25%) upregulation of PGC-1α improves mitochondrial biogenesis and fatty acid oxidation in healthy and insulin
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The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Australia
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Institute for Women’s Health, University College London, London, UK
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Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
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of fatty acid oxidation capacity. In all protocols, leak state was measured in the presence of substrates before the addition of ADP, and the experiment concluded with the addition of cytochrome c (10 µM) to check outer mitochondrial membrane
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Tokyo Adachi Hospital, Adachi, Tokyo, Japan
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, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) (FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Co. ltd., Osaka, Japan), insulin (Morinaga Institute of Biological Science, Inc., Kanagawa, Japan), and adiponectin (Otsuka Pharmaceutical
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distribution and retention of selenium in the rat . Journal of Nutrition 114 1289 – 1296 . Brites P Mooyer PA El Mrabet L Waterham HR Wanders RJ 2009 Plasmalogens participate in very-long-chain fatty acid-induced pathology . Brain 132
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). Diabetes Recently, novel adipokines such as vaspin, omentin, retinal-binding protein-4, fibroblast growth factor 21, adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 were found to associate with insulin resistance and T2DB in humans
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at 22°C followed by incubation at 4°C overnight with the primary antibody: anti-ACTB antibody 1/10,000 (Abcam), anti-UCP1 1/5000 (Abcam) and antibodies for Fatty Acid and Lipid Metabolism and Lipolysis Activation (8334, 8335 Cell Signaling Technology
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increases thermogenesis, satiety, lipolysis, fatty acid oxidation, and ketogenesis ( Salter 1960 , Salter et al . 1960 , Penick & Hinkle 1961 , Langhans et al . 1982 , Habegger et al . 2010 , Jones et al . 2012 ). A critical physiological role of
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utilization and fatty acid activating AMP-activated protein kinase. Nature Medicine 8 1288 – 1295 . ( https://doi.org/10.1038/nm788 ) 12368907 10.1038/nm788 Yang C Mora S Ryder JW Coker KJ Hansen P Allen LA Pessin JE 2001
Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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Scotland’s Rural College, The Roslin Institute, Easter Bush Campus, United Kingdom
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Centre for Systems Health and Integrated Metabolic Research, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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TissueLyser II (Qiagen) and 5 mm stainless-steel beads (30 Hz, three cycles of 15 s). Protein concentration was quantified using a bicinchoninic acid (BCA) assay (Thermo Scientific). Extracted proteins (25 µg) were resolved by SDS-PAGE, using Criterion TGX