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Thomas Nicholson Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, MRC-ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK

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Chris Church MedImmune, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease (CVMD), Milstein Building, Cambridge, UK

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Kostas Tsintzas MRC-ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK

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Robert Jones MRC-ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK

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Leigh Breen Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, MRC-ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK

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Edward T Davis The Royal Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Northfield, Birmingham, UK

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David J Baker MedImmune, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease (CVMD), Milstein Building, Cambridge, UK

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Simon W Jones Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, MRC-ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK

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deacetylase 5 . Diabetes 57 860 – 867 . ( https://doi.org/10.2337/db07-0843 ) 18184930 10.2337/db07-0843 Montell E Turini M Marotta M Roberts M Noe V Ciudad CJ Mace K Gomez-Foix AM 2001 DAG accumulation from saturated fatty acids desensitizes

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J Jeyabalan
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M Shah
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B Viollet Department of Veterinary Basic Sciences, INSERM, CNRS, Université Paris Decartes, INSERM, Department of Endocrinology, Royal Veterinary College, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK
Department of Veterinary Basic Sciences, INSERM, CNRS, Université Paris Decartes, INSERM, Department of Endocrinology, Royal Veterinary College, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK
Department of Veterinary Basic Sciences, INSERM, CNRS, Université Paris Decartes, INSERM, Department of Endocrinology, Royal Veterinary College, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK

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J P Roux Department of Veterinary Basic Sciences, INSERM, CNRS, Université Paris Decartes, INSERM, Department of Endocrinology, Royal Veterinary College, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK

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P Chavassieux Department of Veterinary Basic Sciences, INSERM, CNRS, Université Paris Decartes, INSERM, Department of Endocrinology, Royal Veterinary College, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK

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M Korbonits Department of Veterinary Basic Sciences, INSERM, CNRS, Université Paris Decartes, INSERM, Department of Endocrinology, Royal Veterinary College, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK

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C Chenu
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Cellular Biochemistry 112 2902 – 2909 . doi:10.1002/jcb.23206 . Minokoshi Y Kim YB Peroni OD Fryer LG Muller C Carling D Kahn BB 2002 Leptin stimulates fatty-acid oxidation by activating AMP-activated protein kinase . Nature 415

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Sebastian R Vanin Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, and Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada

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Kendrick Lee Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, and Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada

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Mina Nashed Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada

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Brennan Tse Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The Lawson Health Research Institute and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada

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Mohammed Sarikahya Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada

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Sukham Brar Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The Lawson Health Research Institute and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada

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Gregg Tomy Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada

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Amica-Mariae Lucas Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada

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Thane Tomy Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada

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Steven R Laviolette Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada

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Edith J Arany Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The Lawson Health Research Institute and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada

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Daniel B Hardy Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, and Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
The Lawson Health Research Institute and the Children's Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada

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using a Bio-Rad ChemiDoc XRS+ Imaging System. Membranes were also stained with Ponceau S stain (0.1% (w/v) Ponceau S in 5% (v/v) acetic acid) to detect total protein content. Band intensities were normalized to total protein content. Table 1

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Maria L Price Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research and Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, Birmingham, UK

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Cameron D Ley Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research and Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, Birmingham, UK

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Caroline M Gorvin Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research and Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, Birmingham, UK

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endogenous PEN reduces food intake in mice ( Morgan et al. 2010 , Gomes et al. 2016 ). Gpr83 −/− mice had normal body weight, food intake, and insulin sensitivity when fed a regular diet; but decreased free-fatty acids, body fat mass, and plasma leptin

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Ryan A Lafferty Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Centre for Diabetes, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK

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Laura M McShane Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Centre for Diabetes, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK

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Zara J Franklin Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Centre for Diabetes, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK

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Peter R Flatt Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Centre for Diabetes, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK

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Finbarr P M O’Harte Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Centre for Diabetes, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK

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Nigel Irwin Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Centre for Diabetes, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK

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by sustained GCGR antagonism likely partly reflects this. Thus, carbohydrate oxidation drives RER to a value closer to 1.0, with fatty acid oxidation reducing this to 0.7 ( Rosenkilde et al. 2010 , Purdom et al. 2018 ). Hyperaminoacidaemia has

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Valentina Pampanini Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Q2:08, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden

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Daniela Germani Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy

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Antonella Puglianiello Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy

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Jan-Bernd Stukenborg Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Q2:08, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden

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Ahmed Reda Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Q2:08, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden

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Iuliia Savchuk Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Q2:08, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden

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Kristín Rós Kjartansdóttir Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Q2:08, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden

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Stefano Cianfarani Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Q2:08, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
Dipartimento Pediatrico Universitario Ospedaliero ‘Bambino Gesù’ Children’s Hospital – Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy

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Olle Söder Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Q2:08, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden

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Hadh (an indicator of fatty acids β-oxidation) in 5 d pp rat testicular tissue, suggesting a modification of the metabolic balance within testicular cells to cope with the reduced supply from ligated uterine arteries. Increased Slc2a1 (also known

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Noelia Martínez-Sánchez Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela, Spain

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José M Moreno-Navarrete CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital de Girona ‘Dr Josep Trueta’, Institut D’investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IdIBGi) and University of Girona, Girona, Spain

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Cristina Contreras Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela, Spain

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Eva Rial-Pensado Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela, Spain

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Johan Fernø Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
Department of Clinical Science, KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway

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Rubén Nogueiras Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela, Spain

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Carlos Diéguez Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela, Spain

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José-Manuel Fernández-Real CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital de Girona ‘Dr Josep Trueta’, Institut D’investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IdIBGi) and University of Girona, Girona, Spain

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Miguel López Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela, Spain

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-Alvarellos S Tovar S Raghay K Rodriguez-Cuenca S 2008 Hypothalamic fatty acid metabolism mediates the orexigenic action of ghrelin . Cell Metabolism 7 389 – 399 . ( doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2008.03.006 ) Lopez M Varela L Vazquez MJ

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Xiong Weng Division of Cellular and Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK

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Hao Jiang Gene Expression and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK

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David J Walker Division of Cellular and Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK

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Houjiang Zhou MRC Protein Phosphorylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, Dundee, Scotland, UK

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De Lin Drug Discovery Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK

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Jing Wang Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (BKV), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden

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Li Kang Division of Cellular and Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK

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-expressing cells, mRNA levels of additional adipogenic markers and regulators were measured. Fabp4 is a fatty acid-binding protein and identified as a marker of terminally differentiated adipocytes ( Cao et al . 2013 ). Fabp4 mRNA expression was significantly

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Thomas Funck-Brentano Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Karin H Nilsson Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Robert Brommage Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Petra Henning Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Ulf H Lerner Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Antti Koskela Unit of Cancer Research and Translational Medicine, MRC Oulu and Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland

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Juha Tuukkanen Unit of Cancer Research and Translational Medicine, MRC Oulu and Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland

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Martine Cohen-Solal BIOSCAR UMRS 1132, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM, Paris, France

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Sofia Movérare-Skrtic Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Claes Ohlsson Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

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.1002/jbmr.118 Takada R Satomi Y Kurata T Ueno N Norioka S Kondoh H Takao T Takada S 2006 Monounsaturated fatty acid modification of Wnt protein: its role in Wnt secretion . Developmental Cell 11 791 – 801 . ( https://doi.org/10.1016/j.devcel.2006

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Jin Yu Department of Gynecology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China

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Yuhuan Liu Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China

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Danying Zhang Department of Gynecology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China

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Dongxia Zhai Department of Gynecology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China

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Linyi Song Department of Gynecology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China

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Zailong Cai Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China

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Chaoqin Yu Department of Gynecology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China

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-chain fatty acid, decanoic acid, inhibits recruitment of Nur77 to the HSD3B2 promoter in vitro and reverses endocrine and metabolic abnormalities in a rat model of polycystic ovary syndrome . Endocrinology 157 382 – 394 . ( https://doi.org/10.1210/en

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