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–reperfusion injury in ovariectomised rats ( Squadrito et al . 1997 , Jeanes et al . 2007 ). There are two known oestrogen receptors (ERs), ERα and ERβ. The receptors are members of the steroid hormone receptor family with distinct tissue distribution and
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Invited Author’s profile Dr Douglas Gibson is a principal investigator and Sir Henry Dale Fellow in the Institute for Regeneration and Repair at the University of Edinburgh. His research focusses on understanding how hormones, particularly
Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Introduction Oestrogens have been long known as cell proliferation and differentiation factors ( Tsai & O’Malley 1994 ), and several lines of evidence suggest that, in the course of foetal programming, these hormones are relevant for the
Centre for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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consequences of inhibition of 5αRs on metabolic health. This has implications for men receiving 5αR inhibitors for chronic treatment of prostatic disease or women receiving these drugs for hirsutism. Furthermore, 5α-reduction of steroid hormones is increased in
Department of Nutrition, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Department of Preventive Medicine, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Department of Medicine, Department of Medicine (Endocrinology), Department of Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Gillings School of Global Public Health, Nutrition Research Institute (NRI) at Kannapolis, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27559, USA
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Department of Nutrition, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Department of Preventive Medicine, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Department of Medicine, Department of Medicine (Endocrinology), Department of Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Gillings School of Global Public Health, Nutrition Research Institute (NRI) at Kannapolis, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27559, USA
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Department of Nutrition, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Department of Preventive Medicine, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Department of Medicine, Department of Medicine (Endocrinology), Department of Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Gillings School of Global Public Health, Nutrition Research Institute (NRI) at Kannapolis, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27559, USA
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Department of Nutrition, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Department of Preventive Medicine, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Department of Medicine, Department of Medicine (Endocrinology), Department of Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Gillings School of Global Public Health, Nutrition Research Institute (NRI) at Kannapolis, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27559, USA
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Department of Nutrition, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Department of Preventive Medicine, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Department of Medicine, Department of Medicine (Endocrinology), Department of Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Gillings School of Global Public Health, Nutrition Research Institute (NRI) at Kannapolis, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27559, USA
Department of Nutrition, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Department of Preventive Medicine, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Department of Medicine, Department of Medicine (Endocrinology), Department of Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Gillings School of Global Public Health, Nutrition Research Institute (NRI) at Kannapolis, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27559, USA
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plate and pre-incubated for 24 h before any experimentation. Measurements of serum cytokines, hormones, and lipids Serum triglyceride (TG) and FFA were measured with kits purchased from Cayman Chemical (Ann Arbor, MI, USA) (Cat No: 10010303 and 700310
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hormone and thyroid hormone levels ( Nolan et al . 1998 , 1999 , 2004 ). Several studies have also been sensitive enough to suggest a diurnal variation in mitotic activity in the pituitary, although there is some disagreement about the exact number and
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Introduction In adult female mammals, the uterus undergoes remodeling with a regular cyclicity under the control of the sex hormones, progesterone and estradiol ( Bell 1983 , Pawar et al . 2014 ). In the rodent uterus, estradiol stimulates
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Centre for Systems Health and Integrated Metabolic Research, Department of Biosciences, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
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hormones 11-dehydrocorticosterone (11-DHC), corticosterone (CORT), testosterone, and progesterone in endpoint plasma and BM from male and female mice, using a 13-point calibration curve and isotopically labelled internal standards, as described ( Lovdel et
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hormone (ACTH) and α-MSH ( Cone 2005 , Chan et al . 2009 ). Of the five MCRs (MC1R–MC5R), only the function of the melanocortin 2 receptor (MC2R) is clearly recognized to be facilitated by MRAPs ( Metherell et al . 2005 , Chan et al . 2009 ), although
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the hypothalamic PVN. The presence of APJ transcripts and apelin-ir in the pPVN and in the pituitary suggested that the peptide may be involved in adenohypophyseal hormone release. A role for apelin as a neurohormone pivotal to the neuroendocrine