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adipogenic media, suggesting that this concentration (10 −5 M) may have a different effect to the other concentrations, possibly involving anti-differentiation, pro-apoptotic and/or toxic effects. Expression of gene markers of brown adipocytes As 1,25(OH) 2
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. 2009 , Sharp et al. 2012 , Jespersen et al. 2013 , Porter et al. 2016 ). Human BAT biopsies and brown adipocyte cultures have been used to identify regulators of BAT function such as bile acids, glucocorticoids and the β2-adrenergic receptor
CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital de Girona ‘Dr Josep Trueta’, Institut D’investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IdIBGi) and University of Girona, Girona, Spain
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Department of Clinical Science, KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital de Girona ‘Dr Josep Trueta’, Institut D’investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IdIBGi) and University of Girona, Girona, Spain
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, thermogenesis occurs mainly in the brown adipose tissue (BAT) ( Cannon & Nedergaard 2004 , Silva 2006 , von Ballmoos et al . 2009 ). THs act on brown adipocyte thermogenesis by increasing the stimulatory action of norepinephrine (NE), as well as enhancing the
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visceral adipocytes differ from those of s.c. adipocytes. Recent studies have demonstrated that cold exposure or chronic stimulation with β-adrenergic agonist leads to the appearance of morphologically and functionally brown adipocyte-like cells, namely
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Early Life Nutrition Research Unit, Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Department of Animal Sciences, Division of Human Development, Academic Child Health
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Early Life Nutrition Research Unit, Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Department of Animal Sciences, Division of Human Development, Academic Child Health
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health . Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 68 416 – 421 . Teruel T Valverde AM Benito M Lorenzo M 1996 Insulin-like growth factor I and insulin induce adipogenic-related gene expression in fetal brown adipocyte primary cultures
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De Matteis R Cinti S 2010 The emergence of cold-induced brown adipocytes in mouse white fat depots is determined predominantly by brown adipocyte transdifferentiation . American Journal of Physiology: Endocrinology and Metabolism 298 E
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al. 2018 ) was applied to the subsequent cell experiments, cAMP is a ubiquitous second messenger that plays an important role in a wide range of cells and multiple signaling pathways. The cAMP signaling pathway is very important for early brown
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lipolysis and fatty acid oxidation in peripheral tissues, and also increases the expression of brown adipocyte markers in white adipose tissue ( Zhang et al. 2012 ), providing a number of potential mechanisms for its metabolic activity. Importantly, we
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expenditure and had no effect on oxygen consumption in individual brown adipocytes ( Zhang et al. 2021 ). However, acute administration of acyl-GIP (30 nmol/kg) decreased RER and increased FA oxidation, suggesting a preferential increase in whole-body lipid
Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Diabetology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Eberhard-Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Center Munich, Eberhard-Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Diabetology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Eberhard-Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Center Munich, Eberhard-Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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– 1868.e11 . ( https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2021.08.002 ) Czech MP 2020 Mechanisms of insulin resistance related to white, beige, and brown adipocytes . Molecular Metabolism 34 27 – 42 . ( https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molmet.2019.12.014 ) Deng ZB