rhythms ( Kohsaka et al. 2007 ). The levels of several hormones and cytokines show a circadian rhythm ( Andrews & Folk 1964 , Barter et al. 1971 , Vaughan et al. 1976 , Kaneko et al. 1980 , Arvidson et al. 1994 , Sinha et al. 1996
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Taira Wada, Yukiko Yamamoto, Yukiko Takasugi, Hirotake Ishii, Taketo Uchiyama, Kaori Saitoh, Masahiro Suzuki, Makoto Uchiyama, Hikari Yoshitane, Yoshitaka Fukada, and Shigeki Shimba
J Fahrenkrug, B Georg, J Hannibal, and H L Jørgensen
thyroid hormones compared to control rats, and based on the mean concentrations, it amounted to 7.7-fold for T4, 23-fold for free T4 and two-fold for T3, respectively ( Fig. 4D, E and F ). Furthermore, daily circadian rhythms in the thyroid hormones
Shona Wood and Andrew Loudon
cones ( Lucas & Foster 1999 ), indicating a role for the non-image-forming photoreceptor OPN4 in melatonin inhibition by light and circadian rhythms. The OPN4 photoreceptor is involved in both circadian re-setting mechanisms and pupillary light
Ryun S Ahn, Jee H Choi, Bum C Choi, Jung H Kim, Sung H Lee, and Simon S Sung
preoptic area (POA; de la Iglesia et al . 1995 ). Transmission of the time-of-day signal from the SCN to CRH- and GnRH-synthesizing neurons is thought to be involved in the entrainment of the circadian rhythm governing the activities of the HPA and HPO
Dawn E W Livingstone, Emma M Di Rollo, Chenjing Yang, Lucy E Codrington, John A Mathews, Madina Kara, Katherine A Hughes, Christopher J Kenyon, Brian R Walker, and Ruth Andrew
. Holmes MC French KL Seckl JR 1995 Modulation of serotonin and corticosteroid receptor gene expression in the rat hippocampus with circadian rhythm and stress . Molecular Brain Research 28 186 – 192 . ( doi:10.1016/0169-328X(94)00207-U
Dawn E W Livingstone, Sarah L Grassick, Gillian L Currie, Brian R Walker, and Ruth Andrew
serotonin and corticosteroid receptor gene expression in the rat hippocampus with circadian rhythm and stress . Molecular Brain Research 28 186 – 192 . Horton R Pasupuletti V Antonipillai I 1993 Androgen induction of steroid 5α-reductase may
Christina Antza, Georgios Kostopoulos, Samiul Mostafa, Krishnarajah Nirantharakumar, and Abd Tahrani
. ( https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2014-3911 ) 25658017 Rao R Somvanshi P Klerman EB Marmar C Doyle 3rd FJ 2021 Modeling the influence of chronic sleep restriction on cortisol circadian rhythms, with implications for metabolic disorders
K A Staines, A S Pollard, I M McGonnell, C Farquharson, and A A Pitsillides
proliferating chondrocytes is controlled by numerous factors, including endocrine/autocrine regulation, circadian rhythm and age. These chondrocytes also undergo a period of high secretory activity as they produce a collagen type-II- and proteoglycan-rich matrix
R Prasad, J C Kowalczyk, E Meimaridou, H L Storr, and L A Metherell
erythrocytes correlates well with the characterised rhythmicity of DHEAS and cortisol ( Goncharova et al . 2008 b ). Additionally, a similar age-related flattening of these SOD circadian rhythms has been observed, indicating a possible regulatory effect of
Louise Grahnemo, Caroline Jochems, Annica Andersson, Cecilia Engdahl, Claes Ohlsson, Ulrika Islander, and Hans Carlsten
Westermann J Born J Lange T 2009 Cortisol and epinephrine control opposing circadian rhythms in T cell subsets . Blood 113 5134 – 5143 . ( doi:10.1182/blood-2008-11-190769 ) Essien BE Kotiw M 2012 Anti-inflammatory activity of