amplify local chemerin concentration for CMKLR1 interaction ( Zabel et al . 2008 , De Henau et al . 2016 ). The role of chemerin in energy balance regulation and obesity Effect on whole body metabolism After the discovery of leptin
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Ismael González-García, Pablo B Martínez de Morentin, Ánxela Estévez-Salguero, Cristina Contreras, Amparo Romero-Picó, Johan Fernø, Rubén Nogueiras, Carlos Diéguez, Manuel Tena-Sempere, Sulay Tovar, and Miguel López
level, estrogen receptor alpha and beta (ERα and ERβ) are expressed in several hypothalamic nuclei with key roles in the regulation of energy balance, such as the arcuate (ARC), paraventricular (PVH) and ventromedial (VMH) ( Simerly et al. 1990
Jeffrey Friedman
Fidahusein N Denton D Friedman JM 1997 Physiological response to long-term peripheral and central leptin infusion in lean and obese mice . PNAS 94 8878 – 8883 . ( doi:10.1073/pnas.94.16.8878 ) Hervey GR 1969 Regulation of energy balance
Noelia Martínez-Sánchez, José M Moreno-Navarrete, Cristina Contreras, Eva Rial-Pensado, Johan Fernø, Rubén Nogueiras, Carlos Diéguez, José-Manuel Fernández-Real, and Miguel López
Introduction Thyroid hormones (THs; 3,3′,5,5′ tetraiodothyroxyne or T 4 and 3,3′,5-triiodothyronine or T 3 ) exert important biological actions, not only modulating the development and growth but also regulating metabolism and energy balance
Alyce M Martin, Emily W Sun, and Damien J Keating
in the regulation in glucose homeostasis through their differential actions on the liver and endocrine pancreas. They also play important roles in maintaining energy balance by modulating nutrient absorption, mobilization of fat stores from adipose
T V Novoselova, R Larder, D Rimmington, C Lelliott, E H Wynn, R J Gorrigan, P H Tate, L Guasti, The Sanger Mouse Genetics Project, S O’Rahilly, A J L Clark, D W Logan, A P Coll, and L F Chan
particular, the paradoxical observation that the mutant mice become obese without detectable changes in food intake or energy balance ( Asai et al . 2013 ) requires exploration, as does the potential role of MRAP2 in peripheral cholesterol and lipid
F Wahab, M Shahab, and R Behr
) from the hypothalamus, thus causing reproductive quiescence ( Bergendahl et al . 1991 , Cameron et al . 1991 , Wahab et al . 2013 a , b ). Initiation of reproductive function is delayed by conditions of negative energy balance while, in adults
Christina Antza, Georgios Kostopoulos, Samiul Mostafa, Krishnarajah Nirantharakumar, and Abd Tahrani
linking sleep duration to obesity and T2DM. There are multiple plausible mechanisms that lead to changes to energy balance, beta cell function and insulin resistance ( Fig. 1 ). Figure 1 The mechanisms between short sleep duration and type 2
M A Hyatt, D H Keisler, H Budge, and M E Symonds
secretes a number of cytokines and peptides, termed adipokines, which are involved in regulating insulin sensitivity, appetite, energy balance, inflammation and lipid metabolism (see Trayhurn & Wood 2004 ). Excess fat mass that accompanies obesity appears
J Jeyabalan, M Shah, B Viollet, J P Roux, P Chavassieux, M Korbonits, and C Chenu
. doi:10.1007/s00125-005-1913-1 . Hardie DG 2008 AMPK: a key regulator of energy balance in the single cell and the whole organism . International Journal of Obesity 32 ( Suppl 4 ) S7 – S12 . doi:10.1038/ijo.2008.116 . Hardie DG Hawley SA
