tools and techniques have revealed close associations between bacteria and metabolic diseases. However, maintenance of a gnotobiotic status is expensive and requires experienced staff, and the available facilities for GF animals are limited. Further
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Shiho Fujisaka, Yoshiyuki Watanabe, and Kazuyuki Tobe
Yanli Miao, Haojie Qin, Yi Zhong, Kai Huang, and Caijun Rao
asprosin mainly focused on glucose homeostasis ( Li et al. 2019 ), it has been reported that asprosin is related to a range of metabolic diseases such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease ( Ke et al. 2020 ), insulin resistance ( Yuan et al. 2020
Thomas Nicholson, Chris Church, Kostas Tsintzas, Robert Jones, Leigh Breen, Edward T Davis, David J Baker, and Simon W Jones
implications for the treatment of metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes ( Bluher 2014 , Bluher & Mantzoros 2015 ). It has long been established that the accumulation of abdominal fat (central adiposity) is associated with insulin resistance ( Pratley et
Vicki Chen, Gia V Shelp, Jacob L Schwartz, Niklas D J Aardema, Madison L Bunnell, and Clara E Cho
( Armitage et al. 2005 , Kind et al. 2006 ). However, limited attention has been on the role of micronutrient intakes during pregnancy in programming the long-term phenotypes of offspring. Concurrent with the increased prevalence of metabolic diseases
Esther Nuñez-Durán, Belén Chanclón, Silva Sütt, Joana Real, Hanns-Ulrich Marschall, Ingrid Wernstedt Asterholm, Emmelie Cansby, and Margit Mahlapuu
Introduction Type 2 diabetes, characterised by hyperglycaemia in the context of insulin resistance, is one of the most common metabolic diseases in the world. Insulin production from pancreatic β-cells plays a vital role in maintaining the
Bettina Geidl-Flueck and Philipp A Gerber
a major trigger for the development of metabolic diseases. It is assumed, however, that factors other than an imbalanced energy intake and expenditure can influence metabolic health. A well-balanced macronutrient intake, characterized by a moderate
Erica Yeo, Patricia L Brubaker, and Deborah M Sloboda
insulin resistance. So how does the maternal pancreas cope with the sustained insulin demand of pregnancy? Pancreatic β-cells are plastic and can respond to changes in insulin demand and, although this is pathological in metabolic diseases, this same
Michael Rouse, Antoine Younès, and Josephine M Egan
Introduction Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disease that, in 2013, by global estimates has a worldwide prevalence of 382 million people. The number is expected to increase to 592 million by 2035, most having type 2 DM (T2DM
Nami Kim, Jung Ok Lee, Hye Jeong Lee, Yong Woo Lee, Hyung Ip Kim, Su Jin Kim, Sun Hwa Park, Chul Su Lee, Sun Woo Ryoo, Geum-Sook Hwang, and Hyeon Soo Kim
compound effectively ameliorates hyperglycemia through inhibition of hepatic gluconeogenesis ( Jeong et al . 2014 ). As eugenol is an analogue of isoeugenol, thus isoeugenol could be another molecular target for metabolic disease. However, no detailed
Laura L Gathercole, Nikolaos Nikolaou, Shelley E Harris, Anastasia Arvaniti, Toryn M Poolman, Jonathan M Hazlehurst, Denise V Kratschmar, Marijana Todorčević, Ahmad Moolla, Niall Dempster, Ryan C Pink, Michael F Saikali, Liz Bentley, Trevor M Penning, Claes Ohlsson, Carolyn L Cummins, Matti Poutanen, Alex Odermatt, Roger D Cox, and Jeremy W Tomlinson
hormone and/or bile acid availability. Despite its central position, only a small number of studies have investigated AKR1D1 in the context of metabolic disease; hepatic gene expression is decreased in patients with type 2 diabetes ( Valanejad et al
