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Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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, insulin receptor substrate 1, via induction of stress kinase (JNK or IKK/NFkB) pathways ( Tanti & Jager 2009 ). It seems likely that increased TNF levels may act similarly during pregnancy, but in a non-pathological manner due to the concomitant