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S Khan Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK

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D E W Livingstone Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
Centre for Discovery Brain Science, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, Edinburgh, UK

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A Zielinska College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK

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C L Doig Department of Biosciences, School of Science & Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK

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D F Cobice Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK

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C L Esteves Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK

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J T Y Man Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK

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N Z M Homer Mass Spectrometry Core Laboratory, Edinburgh Clinical Research Facility, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK

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J R Seckl Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK

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C L MacKay SIRCAMS, School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, King's Buildings, Edinburgh, UK

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S P Webster Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK

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G G Lavery Department of Biosciences, School of Science & Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK

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K E Chapman Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK

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B R Walker Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
Clinical & Translational Research Institute, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK

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R Andrew Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
Mass Spectrometry Core Laboratory, Edinburgh Clinical Research Facility, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK

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concept but did not achieve better endpoints than current therapies ( Rosenstock et al. 2010 , Feig et al. 2011 , Shah et al. 2011 , Heise et al. 2014 ). Brain penetrant 11βHSD1 inhibitors have been evaluated as potential therapies for Alzheimer

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Pauline Campos College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK

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Jamie J Walker College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
EPSRC Centre for Predictive Modelling in Healthcare, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
Bristol Medical School, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK

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Patrice Mollard IGF, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France

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many years focused firmly on the neural control of the pituitary gland, the neuroendocrinology field has grown wider and now includes studying the effect of centrally produced hormones on various brain areas, as well as the role of several peripherally

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Georgina G J Hazell
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Song T Yao
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James A Roper
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Eric R Prossnitz LINE, University of New Mexico, University of Bristol, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Whitson Street, Bristol BS1 3NY, UK

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Anne-Marie O'Carroll
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Stephen J Lolait
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30 in the rodent. We aimed to 1) map the distribution of GPR30 in the mouse brain to determine whether there are differences to that shown in the rat 2) identify and highlight regions that express high levels of GPR30 mRNA and protein in the rodent

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J Bryce Ortiz Barrow Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children’s Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
Department of Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona, USA

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Sebastian Tellez Arizona State University, School of Life Sciences, Tempe, Arizona, USA

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Giri Rampal Department of Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom

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Grant S Mannino Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA

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Nicole Couillard Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA

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Matias Mendez Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA

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Tabitha R F Green Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA

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Sean M Murphy Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA

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Rachel K Rowe Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA

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Introduction Annually, approximately 70 million people worldwide suffer from a traumatic brain injury (TBI) ( Dewan et al. 2018 ), with 1.5 million of these individuals residing in the USA. Among the 1.5 million, around 50,000–60,000 are

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Ying Sze Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian, UK

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Joana Fernandes The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian, UK

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Zofia M Kołodziejczyk Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK

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Paula J Brunton Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian, UK
Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, International Campus, Haining, Zhejiang, P.R. China

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fetal growth and development, especially at a time when the brain is vulnerable to changes ( Moisiadis & Matthews 2014 ), and impact placental structure and function ( Burton et al. 2016 ). Despite this longstanding hypothesis, a clear relationship

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Miroslav Adzic
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Jelena Djordjevic
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Ana Djordjevic
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Ana Niciforovic
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Constantinos Demonacos Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Life Sciences, VINCA Institute of Nuclear Sciences, PO Box-522-MBE090, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia

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Marija Radojcic
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Marija Krstic-Demonacos Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Life Sciences, VINCA Institute of Nuclear Sciences, PO Box-522-MBE090, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia

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variety of maladaptive syndromes such as anxiety and various forms of depressive disorders ( Sapolsky et al . 2000 ). In addition to regulating its own gene expression, GR also controls expression of other brain genes, such as corticotrophin

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Emma Wilson Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK

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Fiona J Ramage Department of Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK

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Kimberley E Wever Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Palliative Care, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

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Emily S Sena Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK

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Malcolm R Macleod Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK

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Gillian L Currie Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK

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. Declaration of interest The authors declare no conflicts of interest. Funding EW is funded by a Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain (SIDB) PhD studentship (SFARI #529085). FR was funded by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research

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E J Agnew Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The University of Edinburgh, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK

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A Garcia-Burgos Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The University of Edinburgh, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK

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R V Richardson Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The University of Edinburgh, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK

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H Manos Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The University of Edinburgh, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK

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A J W Thomson Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The University of Edinburgh, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK

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K Sooy Mass Spectrometry Core, Edinburgh Clinical Research Facility, Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The University of Edinburgh, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK

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G Just Mass Spectrometry Core, Edinburgh Clinical Research Facility, Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The University of Edinburgh, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK

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N Z M Homer Mass Spectrometry Core, Edinburgh Clinical Research Facility, Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The University of Edinburgh, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK

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C M Moran Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The University of Edinburgh, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK

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P J Brunton Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh, UK

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G A Gray Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The University of Edinburgh, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK

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K E Chapman Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The University of Edinburgh, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK

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expression in the fetal guinea-pig brain . Journal of Neuroendocrinology 13 425 – 431 . ( https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2826.2001.00649.x ) 10.1046/j.1365-2826.2001.00649.x 11328452 Michelsohn AM Anderson DJ 1992 Changes in competence determine

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Huali Yu Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics, Ministry of Education and Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China

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Ye Guo Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics, Ministry of Education and Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China

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Yang Zhao Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics, Ministry of Education and Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China

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Feng Zhou Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics, Ministry of Education and Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China

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Kehan Zhao Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics, Ministry of Education and Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China

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Mayuqing Li Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics, Ministry of Education and Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China

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Junxiong Wen Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics, Ministry of Education and Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China

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Zixuan He Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics, Ministry of Education and Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China

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Xiaojuan Zhu Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics, Ministry of Education and Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China

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Xiaoxiao He Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics, Ministry of Education and Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China

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brain development and function. For instance, maternal stress-triggered GC elevation changes the fetal brain structure, leading to attention and learning deficits in adulthood ( Weinstock 2008 ). Prenatal stress is highly associated with increased

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Carolina Gaudenzi Neuro-Epigenetics Research Group, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom

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Karen R Mifsud Neuro-Epigenetics Research Group, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom

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Johannes M H M Reul Neuro-Epigenetics Research Group, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom

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the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) ( Reul & de Kloet 1985 , 1986 , Reul et al. 1987 ). Both MRs and GRs are highly expressed in the hippocampus, a key limbic area of the brain which is critically involved in regulating adaptive responses to

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