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rhythm of behavior ( Moore & Eichler 1972 , Stephan & Zucker 1972 , Ralph et al. 1990 ). Peripheral tissues also have a circadian clock system, which can be driven autonomously ( Balsalobre et al. 1998 , Yamazaki et al. 2000 , Yoo et al. 2004

Introduction There is growing evidence that endocrine body rhythms including the hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid (HPT) axis are regulated by the circadian timing system, which consists of the master pacemaker located in the hypothalamic

consider some of the molecular mechanisms known to drive LD responses, and their regulation by the circadian clock. Circannual rhythms are also dominant characteristic of the reproductive biology of many tropical species. For instance, even when species

preoptic area (POA; de la Iglesia et al . 1995 ). Transmission of the time-of-day signal from the SCN to CRH- and GnRH-synthesizing neurons is thought to be involved in the entrainment of the circadian rhythm governing the activities of the HPA and HPO

often associated with physical inactivity and disrupted life rhythms, including binge and night eating ( Marcus & Wildes 2014 ), which makes the treatment of obesity more complicated and weight reduction less attainable. Although exercise is recommended

each time point, they interpreted these data to demonstrate the existence of an ‘endogenous stimulatory rhythm’, where factors from the hypothalamus (including oxytocin and VIP) were promoting prolactin secretion at specific times in dependently of

control and enhanced circadian HPA drive ( Harris et al . 2001 ). However, this phenotype is dependent on the background strain of the mice, and when the 11β-HSD1KO is crossed in to the C57BL/6J background, the HPA defects are less pronounced, possibly as

. ( https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2014-3911 ) 25658017 Rao R Somvanshi P Klerman EB Marmar C Doyle 3rd FJ 2021 Modeling the influence of chronic sleep restriction on cortisol circadian rhythms, with implications for metabolic disorders

erythrocytes correlates well with the characterised rhythmicity of DHEAS and cortisol ( Goncharova et al . 2008 b ). Additionally, a similar age-related flattening of these SOD circadian rhythms has been observed, indicating a possible regulatory effect of

. Holmes MC French KL Seckl JR 1995 Modulation of serotonin and corticosteroid receptor gene expression in the rat hippocampus with circadian rhythm and stress . Molecular Brain Research 28 186 – 192 . ( doi:10.1016/0169-328X(94)00207-U