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Hiroharu Mifune Institute of Animal Experimentation, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan

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Yuji Tajiri Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan

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Yusuke Sakai Institute of Animal Experimentation, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan

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Yukie Kawahara Department of Pharmacology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan

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Kento Hara Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan

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Takahiro Sato Molecular Genetics, Life Science Institute, Kurume University, Kurume, Japan

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Yoshihiro Nishi Department of Physiology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan

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Akinori Nishi Department of Pharmacology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan

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Ryouichi Mitsuzono Department of Exercise Physiology, Institute of Health and Sports Science, Kurume University, Kurume, Japan

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Tatsuyuki Kakuma Bostatistics Center, Kurume University, Kurume, Japan

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Masayasu Kojima Molecular Genetics, Life Science Institute, Kurume University, Kurume, Japan

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cerebral cortex and nucleus accumbens (NAc) ( Phillips et al. 2007 ). Recent studies have shown that mesolimbic dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) that project to the NAc represent a critical site for ghrelin to trigger food consumption

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David R Grattan Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Anatomy, Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Otago, PO Box 913, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Anatomy, Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Otago, PO Box 913, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand

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catecholamine neurotransmitter, dopamine, rather than the more typical peptide hypothalamic hormones involved in regulating all other pituitary systems. Prolactin is also the only anterior pituitary hormone that does not have an endocrine target tissue, and

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Maria L Price Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research and Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, Birmingham, UK

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Cameron D Ley Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research and Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, Birmingham, UK

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Caroline M Gorvin Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research and Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, Birmingham, UK

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) Interactions with prostanoid receptors impair GHSR1a constitutive signalling. AGRP, agouti-related peptide; Ca 2+ i , intracellular Ca 2+ ; DRD1, dopamine receptor D1; DRD2, dopamine receptor D2; EP3-I, prostaglandin E 2 receptor subtype EP 3-I ; GHSR1, growth

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Sushil K Mahata VA San Diego Healthcare System Metabolic Physiology & Ultrastructural Biology Lab., Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA

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Hong Zheng Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA

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Sumana Mahata Caltech Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA

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Xuefei Liu Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA

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Kaushik P Patel Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA

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overactivation and progression of HF is less well known. Circulating catecholamines, comprising dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (EPI), are primarily synthesized and released from the chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla ( Goldstein et al

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Anne-Marie O'Carroll Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology (LINE), University of Bristol, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Whitson Street, Bristol BS1 3NY, UK

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Gillian M Howell Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology (LINE), University of Bristol, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Whitson Street, Bristol BS1 3NY, UK

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Emma M Roberts Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology (LINE), University of Bristol, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Whitson Street, Bristol BS1 3NY, UK

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Stephen J Lolait Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology (LINE), University of Bristol, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Whitson Street, Bristol BS1 3NY, UK

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modulated by signals generated by neurotransmitter and hormone binding to G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) present on islet β-cells ( Lang 1999 , Henquin 2000 , Ahren et al . 2006 ). Several GPCR agonists including norepinephrine, dopamine, galanin, and

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Emma Castrique Henry Wellcome Labs for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, Division of Molecular Neuroendocrinology, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Whitson Street, Bristol BS1 3NY, UK

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Marta Fernandez-Fuente Henry Wellcome Labs for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, Division of Molecular Neuroendocrinology, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Whitson Street, Bristol BS1 3NY, UK

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Paul Le Tissier Henry Wellcome Labs for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, Division of Molecular Neuroendocrinology, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Whitson Street, Bristol BS1 3NY, UK

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Andy Herman Henry Wellcome Labs for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, Division of Molecular Neuroendocrinology, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Whitson Street, Bristol BS1 3NY, UK

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Andy Levy Henry Wellcome Labs for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, Division of Molecular Neuroendocrinology, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Whitson Street, Bristol BS1 3NY, UK

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, but that not all immunohistochemically identified PRL cells are EYFP+ve ( Fig. 1 , panels A and B). In the essentially dopamine-free environment of primary cell culture for 5 days (120 000 cells in 2 ml DMEM containing 10% FCS), there was no evidence

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Scott Haston Developmental Biology and Cancer Research Programme, Birth Defects Research Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK

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Saba Manshaei Developmental Biology and Cancer Research Programme, Birth Defects Research Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK

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Juan Pedro Martinez-Barbera Developmental Biology and Cancer Research Programme, Birth Defects Research Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK

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/activated Caspase-3 double positive cells, although the study did not determine whether these cells were lactotrophs ( Guillou et al. 2011 ). There is also evidence for redundancy in AL programmed cell death mechanisms as autocrine production of dopamine has been

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Pauline Campos College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK

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Jamie J Walker College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
EPSRC Centre for Predictive Modelling in Healthcare, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
Bristol Medical School, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK

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Patrice Mollard IGF, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France

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neurotransmitters such as acetylcholine ( Jing et al. 2018 ) and dopamine ( Patriarchi et al. 2018 ), one can hope that these tools will soon be suitable for in vivo detection of peptides and neuropeptides. Declaration of interest The authors declare

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L A Nolan Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, University of Bristol, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Whitson Street, Bristol BS1 3NY, UK

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A Levy Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, University of Bristol, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Whitson Street, Bristol BS1 3NY, UK

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circulating oestrogen might sensitize pituitary cells to pro-apoptotic signals such as lipopolysaccharide, FasL and dopamine ( Pisera et al . 2004 , Jaita et al . 2005 , Radl et al . 2008 ). Induction of apoptosis is frequently mediated through the Fas

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Romain Fontaine Department of Preclinical Sciences and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway

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Eirill Ager-Wick Department of Preclinical Sciences and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway

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Kjetil Hodne Department of Preclinical Sciences and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway

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Finn-Arne Weltzien Department of Preclinical Sciences and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway

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development . Neuroendocrinology 94 265 – 277 . ( https://doi.org/10.1159/000330857 ) Fontaine R Affaticati P Yamamoto K Jolly C Bureau C Baloche S Gonnet F Vernier P Dufour S Pasqualini C 2013 Dopamine inhibits reproduction in

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