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pathogenesis of T2D by a gene expression-based genome-wide association study ( Kodama et al . 2012 ). Ablation of CD44 by genetic deletion or anti-CD44 monoclonal antibody administration reduced adipose tissue immune cell infiltration and insulin resistance in
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2003 ). Although these extra-adrenal sites are not capable of corticosteroid production on the same scale as the adrenal cortex, due to a much lower level of relevant gene expression, their proximity to glucocorticoid receptors (GR) and
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unable to isolate SPA. Subsequently, we developed a new method to isolate SPA and in this way the existence of SPA became more certain. In this study, we investigated for the first time the characteristics of SPA in terms of their gene expression and
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Division of Molecular & Clinical Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee, UK
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), which are short, non-coding, single-stranded RNAs that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression, predominantly by imperfect base pairing to the 3′ untranslated region (UTR) of target mRNA sequences ( Filipowicz et al. 2008 , Stefani & Slack
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Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
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NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
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regarding the role of AKR1D1 in GC metabolism, specificially with regard to regulation of AKR1D1 expression and activity by GCs, the capacity of AKR1D1 to metabolise synthetic steroids and its role in the regulation of established GC target genes. There is a
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instance, Pdx1 regulates GLUT2 , glucokinase and insulin amyloid polypeptide ( IAPP ) expression ( McKinnon & Docherty 2001 ) and, in association with NeuroD1, it transactivates the insulin gene ( Babu et al . 2008 ). Many aspects of the β
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to mediate gene transcription ( Lawrence 2009 ). NF-κΒ signaling is modulated by posttranslational modifications (PTMs) ( Perkins 2006 ). PTMs are integral components of gene expression programs. To date, >200 different PTMs have been identified that
The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian, UK
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The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian, UK
Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, International Campus, Haining, Zhejiang, P.R. China
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stores to effectively deal with the stressor. Given glucocorticoids have wide-ranging effects on gene expression, metabolism and neural function, excess or inappropriate glucocorticoid action can be detrimental ( Sapolsky et al. 2000 ). Therefore, HPA
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noteworthy influence of lactation on the GnRH neuronal sensitivity to KP in terms of gonadotropin secretion was reported. Altogether, these results suggest that an increase in expression of the Rfrp gene during lactation may cause higher synthesis and
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Dipartimento Pediatrico Universitario Ospedaliero ‘Bambino Gesù’ Children’s Hospital – Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
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environment can influence the expression of fetal genes and has an impact on growth and development of multiple organs and long-term health. This principle, pioneered by David Barker and coworkers in the early 90s, has later been termed ‘Developmental Origins