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Matthew W S Lim School of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK

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Angela K Lucas-Herald School of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, UK

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Avril Mason Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, UK

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Christian Delles School of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK

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Paul J Connelly School of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK

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secretion of gonadal sex steroids (oestrogen and testosterone) ( Flanagan & Manilall 2017 ). This is achieved and regulated via the activation of the anterior pituitary gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptors via its decapeptide ligand. Consequently

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Romain Fontaine Department of Preclinical Sciences and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway

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Eirill Ager-Wick Department of Preclinical Sciences and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway

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Kjetil Hodne Department of Preclinical Sciences and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway

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Finn-Arne Weltzien Department of Preclinical Sciences and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway

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e58159 . ( https://doi.org/10.3791/58159 ) Aizen J Kasuto H Golan M Zakay H Levavi-Sivan B 2007 Tilapia follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH): immunochemistry, stimulation by gonadotropin-releasing hormone, and effect of biologically

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Hiroyuki Enomoto Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan

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Kinuyo Iwata Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan

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Keisuke Matsumoto Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan

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Mai Otsuka Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan

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Akio Morita Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan

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Hitoshi Ozawa Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan

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Introduction Encoded by the Kiss1 gene, kisspeptin and its receptor, G protein-coupled receptor 54, stimulate the release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)/luteinizing hormone (LH) in mammals and are crucial in ovulation regulation

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Nerine T Joseph Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, MRC Human Reproductive Sciences Unit, MRC/UCT, The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian, Edinburgh EH25 9PS, UK
Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, MRC Human Reproductive Sciences Unit, MRC/UCT, The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian, Edinburgh EH25 9PS, UK

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Kevin Morgan Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, MRC Human Reproductive Sciences Unit, MRC/UCT, The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian, Edinburgh EH25 9PS, UK

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Robin Sellar Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, MRC Human Reproductive Sciences Unit, MRC/UCT, The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian, Edinburgh EH25 9PS, UK

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Derek McBride Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, MRC Human Reproductive Sciences Unit, MRC/UCT, The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian, Edinburgh EH25 9PS, UK

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Robert P Millar Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, MRC Human Reproductive Sciences Unit, MRC/UCT, The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian, Edinburgh EH25 9PS, UK
Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, MRC Human Reproductive Sciences Unit, MRC/UCT, The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian, Edinburgh EH25 9PS, UK

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Ian C Dunn Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, MRC Human Reproductive Sciences Unit, MRC/UCT, The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian, Edinburgh EH25 9PS, UK

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in g-protein-coupled receptors – the conserved arginine-cage motif in the gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor . Journal of Biological Chemistry 273 10445 – 10453 . Berg KA Clarke WP Sailstad C Saltzman A Maayani S 1994 Signal

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F Wahab Stem Cell Biology Unit, Laboratory of Reproductive Neuroendocrinology, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, German Primate Center, Kellnerweg 4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany

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M Shahab Stem Cell Biology Unit, Laboratory of Reproductive Neuroendocrinology, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, German Primate Center, Kellnerweg 4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany

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R Behr Stem Cell Biology Unit, Laboratory of Reproductive Neuroendocrinology, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, German Primate Center, Kellnerweg 4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany

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Introduction Reproduction in nonprimate mammals and in primates is highly responsive to metabolic alterations ( Cameron 1991 , Wade & Jones 2004 ). Deficiencies of metabolic fuels prevent the proper release of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH

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Ann R Finch Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, University of Bristol, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Whitson Street, Bristol BS1 3NY, UK

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Kathleen R Sedgley Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, University of Bristol, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Whitson Street, Bristol BS1 3NY, UK

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Christopher J Caunt Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, University of Bristol, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Whitson Street, Bristol BS1 3NY, UK

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Craig A McArdle Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, University of Bristol, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Whitson Street, Bristol BS1 3NY, UK

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diseases of 7TM receptor trafficking. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone I (pGlu-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-Gly-Leu-Arg-Pro-Gly-NH2, GnRH-I) acts via G αq -coupled 7TM receptors to stimulate phospholipase C (PLC). The consequent mobilization of Ca 2+ and activation

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David R Grattan Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Anatomy, Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Otago, PO Box 913, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Anatomy, Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Otago, PO Box 913, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand

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. Physiology & Behavior 91 366 – 374 . ( doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2007.04.005 ) Grattan DR Jasoni CL Liu X Anderson GM Herbison AE 2007b Prolactin regulation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons to suppress luteinizing hormone secretion in

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L Nicol
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M-O Faure MRC Human Reproductive Sciences Unit, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, UMR 6175 INRA-CNRS-Université de TOURS-Haras Nationaux, Centre for Reproductive Biology, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK

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J R McNeilly
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J Fontaine MRC Human Reproductive Sciences Unit, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, UMR 6175 INRA-CNRS-Université de TOURS-Haras Nationaux, Centre for Reproductive Biology, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK

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C Taragnat MRC Human Reproductive Sciences Unit, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, UMR 6175 INRA-CNRS-Université de TOURS-Haras Nationaux, Centre for Reproductive Biology, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK

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A S McNeilly
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CM Yaphockun KKJ Ely HA Mellon PL 2007 p38 Mitogen-activated protein kinase is critical for synergistic induction of the FSHβ gene by gonadotropin-releasing hormone and activin through augmentation of c-fos induction and smad phosphorylation

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Nadia Schoenmakers University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, Wellcome Trust‐Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Level 4, PO Box 289, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK

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Kyriaki S Alatzoglou University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, Wellcome Trust‐Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Level 4, PO Box 289, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK

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V Krishna Chatterjee University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, Wellcome Trust‐Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Level 4, PO Box 289, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK

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Mehul T Dattani University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, Wellcome Trust‐Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Level 4, PO Box 289, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK

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in genes controlling the TSH biosynthetic pathway, eg mutations in the thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor ( TRHR ), thyroid stimulating hormone β subunit ( TSHB ) and the more recently-described immunoglobulin superfamily member 1 gene ( IGSF1

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Ryun S Ahn
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Jee H Choi Graduate School of Integrative Medicine, Hormone Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Family Medicine, Department of Life sciences, Research Institute of Integrative Medicine, CHA Medical University, Yuksam‐dong 605, Kangnamgu, Seoul 135-907, Republic of Korea

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Bum C Choi Graduate School of Integrative Medicine, Hormone Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Family Medicine, Department of Life sciences, Research Institute of Integrative Medicine, CHA Medical University, Yuksam‐dong 605, Kangnamgu, Seoul 135-907, Republic of Korea

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Jung H Kim Graduate School of Integrative Medicine, Hormone Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Family Medicine, Department of Life sciences, Research Institute of Integrative Medicine, CHA Medical University, Yuksam‐dong 605, Kangnamgu, Seoul 135-907, Republic of Korea

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Sung H Lee Graduate School of Integrative Medicine, Hormone Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Family Medicine, Department of Life sciences, Research Institute of Integrative Medicine, CHA Medical University, Yuksam‐dong 605, Kangnamgu, Seoul 135-907, Republic of Korea

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Simon S Sung Graduate School of Integrative Medicine, Hormone Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Family Medicine, Department of Life sciences, Research Institute of Integrative Medicine, CHA Medical University, Yuksam‐dong 605, Kangnamgu, Seoul 135-907, Republic of Korea

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women with major depression . Hormones and Behavior 45 93 – 102 . doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2003.09.004 . van der Beek EM Wiegant VM van Oudheusden HJ van der Donk HA van den Hurk R Buijs RM 1997 Synaptic contacts between gonadotropin-releasing

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