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Katie J Mylonas University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK

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Neil A Turner Division of Cardiovascular & Diabetes Research, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine (LICAMM), School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK

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Sumia A Bageghni Division of Cardiovascular & Diabetes Research, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine (LICAMM), School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK

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Christopher J Kenyon University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK

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Christopher I White University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK

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Kieran McGregor University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK

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Robert A Kimmitt University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK

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Richard Sulston University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK

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Valerie Kelly University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK

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Brian R Walker University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK

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Karen E Porter Division of Cardiovascular & Diabetes Research, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine (LICAMM), School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK

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Karen E Chapman University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK

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Gillian A Gray University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK

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Introduction Ischemic cell death associated with myocardial infarction (MI) prompts the recruitment and activation of immune cells to ensure repair ( Epelman & Mann 2012 , Frangogiannis 2012 ). Neutrophils are recruited early, removing

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Lesley A Hill Departments of Cellular and Physiological Sciences and Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

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Dimitra A Vassiliadi Endocrine Unit, Second Department of Internal Medicine-Research Institute and Diabetes Center, Attiko University Hospital, Athens, Greece

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Ioanna Dimopoulou Endocrine Unit, Second Department of Internal Medicine-Research Institute and Diabetes Center, Attiko University Hospital, Athens, Greece

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Anna J Anderson BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

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Luke D Boyle BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

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Alixe H M Kilgour BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

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Roland H Stimson BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

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Yoan Machado Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

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Christopher M Overall Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

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Brian R Walker BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom

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John G Lewis Canterbury Health Laboratories, Christchurch, New Zealand

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Geoffrey L Hammond Departments of Cellular and Physiological Sciences and Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

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(RCL) that is characteristic of the SERPIN structure ( Gettins & Olson 2016 ). While CBG is not known to inhibit proteases, its RCL is cleaved by neutrophil elastase (NE) ( Hammond et al. 1990 ), chymotrypsin ( Lewis & Elder 2014 ) and Pseudomonas

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Helen L Jeanes
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Caroline Tabor
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Darcey Black Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Organon Laboratories Ltd, Department Pharmacology, University of Edinburgh, Queens Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK

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Antwan Ederveen Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Organon Laboratories Ltd, Department Pharmacology, University of Edinburgh, Queens Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK

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Gillian A Gray
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mice ( Gabel et al . 2005 ). Neutrophils invade the myocardium during reperfusion and are an important source of oxidant stress causing injury ( Reimer et al . 1989 ). In vivo , the inhibition of myocardial adhesion molecule expression by oestrogen

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Zhenguang Zhang University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK

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Agnes E Coutinho University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK

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Tak Yung Man University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK

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Tiina M J Kipari Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, MRC Institute of Genetic and Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK

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Patrick W F Hadoke University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK

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Donald M Salter Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, MRC Institute of Genetic and Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK

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Jonathan R Seckl University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK

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Karen E Chapman University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK

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following intra-peritoneal injection of thioglycollate (0.2 mL, 10%) were collected by lavage with 5mL ice-cold PBS ( Coutinho et al . 2016 ). At 24 h, cells comprise mainly neutrophils and monocytes, whereas the population is predominantly macrophages at

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Maayan Vatarescu The Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
The National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev (NIBN), Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel

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Sapir Bechor The Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
The National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev (NIBN), Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel

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Yulia Haim The Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
The National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev (NIBN), Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel

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Tal Pecht The Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
The National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev (NIBN), Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel

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Tanya Tarnovscki The Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel

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Noa Slutsky The Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel

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Ori Nov The Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel

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Hagit Shapiro The Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel

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Avishai Shemesh The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel

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Angel Porgador The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel

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Nava Bashan The Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel

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Assaf Rudich The Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
The National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev (NIBN), Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel

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. 2010 ). In mouse models amenable to detailed time-course analyses, even short-term (3 days) high-fat feeding (HFF) induced neutrophil-dominated adipose tissue inflammation. This inflammatory response clearly occurred before the development of obesity

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Nele Cielen Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, KULeuven, Leuven, Belgium

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Nele Heulens Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, KULeuven, Leuven, Belgium

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Karen Maes Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, KULeuven, Leuven, Belgium

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Geert Carmeliet Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, KULeuven, Leuven, Belgium

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Chantal Mathieu Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, KULeuven, Leuven, Belgium

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Wim Janssens Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, KULeuven, Leuven, Belgium

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Ghislaine Gayan-Ramirez Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, KULeuven, Leuven, Belgium

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counts. Three hundred cells per mouse were counted to determine the number of neutrophils. Histopathology of the lungs The left lung was fixed in 6% v/v paraformaldehyde at a constant hydrostatic pressure of 25 cm H 2 O for 24 h and embedded in

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Xiang Xiao Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, 1230 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA

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C Yan Cheng Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, 1230 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA

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Dolores D Mruk Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, 1230 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA

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adhesion molecule (ICAM)-2 regulates angiogenesis . Blood 106 1636 – 1643 . ( doi:10.1182/blood-2004-12-4716 ) Huang MT Larbi KY Scheiermann C Woodfin A Gerwin N Haskard DO Nourshargh S 2006 ICAM-2 mediates neutrophil transmigration

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Geoffrey L Hammond Departments of Cellular & Physiological Sciences and Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

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now known that several endogenous proteases, including neutrophil elastase ( Hammond et al. 1990 ) and chymotrypsin ( Lewis & Elder 2014 ), and a protease (LasB) produced by the opportunistic bacterial pathogen, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ( Simard et

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Gisela Helfer School of Chemistry and Biosciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK

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Qing-Feng Wu State Key Laboratory of Molecular Development Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China

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. In contrast, chemerin treatment reduces the recruitment of neutrophil and macrophages to the inflammatory sites and the expression of proinflammatory cytokine ( Cash et al . 2008 , Luangsay et al . 2009 ). These studies suggest that chemerin acts

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Shisan Xu Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People’s Republic of China

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Fangjing Xie Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People’s Republic of China

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Li Tian Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People’s Republic of China

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Samane Fallah Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People’s Republic of China

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Fatemeh Babaei Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People’s Republic of China

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Sinai H C Manno Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People’s Republic of China

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Francis A M Manno III School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

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Lina Zhu Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People’s Republic of China

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Kin Fung Wong Department of Biomedical Engineering, Polytechnic University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People’s Republic of China

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Yimin Liang Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People’s Republic of China

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Rajkumar Ramalingam Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People’s Republic of China

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Lei Sun Department of Biomedical Engineering, Polytechnic University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People’s Republic of China

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Xin Wang Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People’s Republic of China

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Robert Plumb Waters Technologies Corporation, Milford, Massachusetts, USA

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Lee Gethings Waters Technologies Corporation, Milford, Massachusetts, USA

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Yun Wah Lam Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People’s Republic of China

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Shuk Han Cheng Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People’s Republic of China
State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution (SKLMP) at City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People’s Republic of China
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People’s Republic of China

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and neutrophil chemotaxis were upregulated in estrogen-treated males. Among the genes whose expression level in injured hearts were sexually dimorphic, and/or reciprocally regulated by E2 and tamoxifen, were interferon-gamma ( ifn-γ ), interferon

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