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-dark cycle (light on 07:00–19:00 h) with ad libitum or time-restricted feeding access to standard powder chow (10 kcal% fat, produced by Research Diets, Inc.: open source diet code D12450B) and water. All the experiments were performed in accordance with

(+/+) mice and the APN (−/−) mice are similar to this behavioral pattern, that is, the amount of food intake by the APN (+/+) mice decreased between CT14 and CT16, showing a bimodal pattern, whereas the APN (−/−) mice were still feeding at that time period

responses such as pigmentation ( Lerner & McGuire 1961 ), sexual behavior ( Bertolini et al . 1968 ), thermoregulation, and inflammatory responses, but also feeding ( Vergoni et al . 1986 ) and control of body weight ( Fan et al . 1997 , MacNeil et al

KP containing cells in the brain center for feeding and reproduction control Besides many other functions, the hypothalamus is the brain center for the regulation of feeding and reproduction ( Kennedy & Mitra 1963 b , Wynne et al . 2005 ). It serves

development. However, despite cell death, Slc2a3 −/− embryos implanted but were lost at embryonic day 8.5 ( Ganguly et al . 2007 ). Here, we describe the exact time point of embryonic lethality, and identify the defect responsible for death of post

) were maintained at 28°C on a 14/10 h light/dark cycle in a re-circulating system with reverse osmosis dosed-salt water (pH 7.6 and conductivity of 800 µs). Fish were fed three times a day, once with live brine shrimp and twice with dry feed (Gemma

calculated using the 2 −Δ C t method ( Livak & Schmittgen 2001 ). Gene expression data are normalised to the 1-day-old group born to multiparous mothers and are presented as a fold change. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis The relative abundance of GR, HSD

the impact of neuronal activity within a network on other functions. This methodology has been successfully used to study arcuate nucleus and amygdala control of feeding behaviour in freely moving mice ( Betley et al. 2015 , Jennings et al. 2015

can be reliably used by both plants and animals to activate reproductive and growth processes at the most appropriate time of year. In small mammals with short gestation periods, breeding typically occurs in response to increasing day lengths in the

earliest marker of differentiation in the anterior pituitary is the expression by E11.5 of αGSU (alpha-glycoprotein subunit; Cga ) in a restricted patch of cells in the ventral region of Rathke's pouch. These αGSU positive cells will express the