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Introduction Pregnancy is characterised by a shift in maternal metabolism with a progressive increase in maternal insulin resistance to prioritise nutrient flow to the growing fetus ( Battaglia & Meschia 1978 , Hay 1991 , Baumann et al
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. There is some evidence that placentally derived CRH and urocortins are involved in various biological functions associated with pregnancy ( Thomson 2013 , You et al . 2014 ). Thus, pregnancy represents one possible physiological state in which the
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Introduction Around 50% of women worldwide enter pregnancy overweight or obese ( Hill et al. 2019 ). Maternal obesity is the main risk factor for the development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in pregnancy, which affects
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mechanistic investigations in this area are still limited. The concept of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (aka DOHaD) suggests that the time during pregnancy, in the womb, and right after birth are crucial periods that significantly influence how
The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian, UK
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The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian, UK
Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, International Campus, Haining, Zhejiang, P.R. China
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Introduction Stress experienced during pregnancy has detrimental effects on the offspring across the life course, beginning during fetal development, persisting through the postnatal period and into adulthood ( Glover et al. 2018 ). This
Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Anatomy, Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Otago, PO Box 913, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
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hyperprolactinemia during lactation, and thereby promote the milk production that is essential to this state, there is an apparent loss of sensitivity of the short-loop feedback system during late pregnancy and lactation ( Grattan et al . 2008 ). This is a
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is affected by hyperglycaemia in pregnancy, most of those due to GDM ( International Diabetes Federation 2017 ). GDM is associated with neonatal adverse outcomes such as large for gestational age infants and increased risk of obesity and
Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Introduction To accommodate the dynamic energy demands of pregnancy, while still maintaining metabolic homeostasis, significant alterations to maternal metabolism are required ( Fig. 1 ). Impaired or inappropriate maternal adaptations can
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control of the gonadotrophic axis, KISS1 has been found to be important in placentation, pregnancy and cardiovascular function ( Bilban et al . 2004 , Hiden et al . 2007 , Mead et al . 2007 b ). The physiological importance of KISS1 is further
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the physical expansion of the pituitary during pregnancy and lactation ( Gonzalez et al . 1988 , Elster et al . 1991 , Dinc et al . 1998 , Chanson et al . 2001 ). Several morphometric studies have identified the prolactin (PRL) cell population
