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Taira Wada Laboratory of Health Science, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Funabshi, Chiba, Japan

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Yukiko Yamamoto Laboratory of Health Science, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Funabshi, Chiba, Japan

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Yukiko Takasugi Laboratory of Health Science, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Funabshi, Chiba, Japan

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Hirotake Ishii Laboratory of Health Science, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Funabshi, Chiba, Japan

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Taketo Uchiyama Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Funabshi, Chiba, Japan

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Kaori Saitoh Department of Psychiatry, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan

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Masahiro Suzuki Department of Psychiatry, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan

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Makoto Uchiyama Department of Psychiatry, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
Tokyo Adachi Hospital, Adachi, Tokyo, Japan

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Hikari Yoshitane Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan

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Yoshitaka Fukada Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan

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Shigeki Shimba Laboratory of Health Science, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Funabshi, Chiba, Japan

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rhythm of behavior ( Moore & Eichler 1972 , Stephan & Zucker 1972 , Ralph et al. 1990 ). Peripheral tissues also have a circadian clock system, which can be driven autonomously ( Balsalobre et al. 1998 , Yamazaki et al. 2000 , Yoo et al. 2004

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J Fahrenkrug Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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B Georg Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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J Hannibal Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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H L Jørgensen Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Introduction There is growing evidence that endocrine body rhythms including the hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid (HPT) axis are regulated by the circadian timing system, which consists of the master pacemaker located in the hypothalamic

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Sebastian R Vanin Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, and Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada

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Kendrick Lee Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, and Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada

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Mina Nashed Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada

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Brennan Tse Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The Lawson Health Research Institute and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada

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Mohammed Sarikahya Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada

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Sukham Brar Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The Lawson Health Research Institute and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada

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Gregg Tomy Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada

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Amica-Mariae Lucas Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada

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Thane Tomy Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada

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Steven R Laviolette Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada

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Edith J Arany Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The Lawson Health Research Institute and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada

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Daniel B Hardy Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, and Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
The Lawson Health Research Institute and the Children's Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada

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terms are shown at maximum. Each bubble is the -log 10 ( P -value) for the respective term and is sized according to the gene ratio. Across the GO:BP, GO:CC, and KEGG enriched terms, we observed common terms related to circadian rhythm

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Shona Wood Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK

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Andrew Loudon Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK

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consider some of the molecular mechanisms known to drive LD responses, and their regulation by the circadian clock. Circannual rhythms are also dominant characteristic of the reproductive biology of many tropical species. For instance, even when species

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Ryun S Ahn
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Jee H Choi Graduate School of Integrative Medicine, Hormone Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Family Medicine, Department of Life sciences, Research Institute of Integrative Medicine, CHA Medical University, Yuksam‐dong 605, Kangnamgu, Seoul 135-907, Republic of Korea

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Bum C Choi Graduate School of Integrative Medicine, Hormone Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Family Medicine, Department of Life sciences, Research Institute of Integrative Medicine, CHA Medical University, Yuksam‐dong 605, Kangnamgu, Seoul 135-907, Republic of Korea

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Jung H Kim Graduate School of Integrative Medicine, Hormone Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Family Medicine, Department of Life sciences, Research Institute of Integrative Medicine, CHA Medical University, Yuksam‐dong 605, Kangnamgu, Seoul 135-907, Republic of Korea

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Sung H Lee Graduate School of Integrative Medicine, Hormone Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Family Medicine, Department of Life sciences, Research Institute of Integrative Medicine, CHA Medical University, Yuksam‐dong 605, Kangnamgu, Seoul 135-907, Republic of Korea

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Simon S Sung Graduate School of Integrative Medicine, Hormone Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Family Medicine, Department of Life sciences, Research Institute of Integrative Medicine, CHA Medical University, Yuksam‐dong 605, Kangnamgu, Seoul 135-907, Republic of Korea

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preoptic area (POA; de la Iglesia et al . 1995 ). Transmission of the time-of-day signal from the SCN to CRH- and GnRH-synthesizing neurons is thought to be involved in the entrainment of the circadian rhythm governing the activities of the HPA and HPO

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Hiroharu Mifune Institute of Animal Experimentation, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan

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Yuji Tajiri Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan

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Yusuke Sakai Institute of Animal Experimentation, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan

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Yukie Kawahara Department of Pharmacology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan

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Kento Hara Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan

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Takahiro Sato Molecular Genetics, Life Science Institute, Kurume University, Kurume, Japan

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Yoshihiro Nishi Department of Physiology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan

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Akinori Nishi Department of Pharmacology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan

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Ryouichi Mitsuzono Department of Exercise Physiology, Institute of Health and Sports Science, Kurume University, Kurume, Japan

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Tatsuyuki Kakuma Bostatistics Center, Kurume University, Kurume, Japan

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Masayasu Kojima Molecular Genetics, Life Science Institute, Kurume University, Kurume, Japan

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often associated with physical inactivity and disrupted life rhythms, including binge and night eating ( Marcus & Wildes 2014 ), which makes the treatment of obesity more complicated and weight reduction less attainable. Although exercise is recommended

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Carolina Gaudenzi Neuro-Epigenetics Research Group, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom

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Karen R Mifsud Neuro-Epigenetics Research Group, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom

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Johannes M H M Reul Neuro-Epigenetics Research Group, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom

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, underwent a five- and seven-fold increase in MR binding following acute stress and at the peak of the circadian rhythm, respectively ( Mifsud et al. 2021 ). These findings indicate that the MR, while certainly mediating tonic/constant actions of GCs, holds

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David R Grattan Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Anatomy, Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Otago, PO Box 913, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Anatomy, Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Otago, PO Box 913, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand

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each time point, they interpreted these data to demonstrate the existence of an ‘endogenous stimulatory rhythm’, where factors from the hypothalamus (including oxytocin and VIP) were promoting prolactin secretion at specific times in dependently of

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Lianne Abrahams School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Research, Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK

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Nina M Semjonous School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Research, Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK

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Phil Guest School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Research, Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK

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Agnieszka Zielinska School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Research, Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK

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Beverly Hughes School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Research, Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK

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Gareth G Lavery School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Research, Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK

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Paul M Stewart School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Research, Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK

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control and enhanced circadian HPA drive ( Harris et al . 2001 ). However, this phenotype is dependent on the background strain of the mice, and when the 11β-HSD1KO is crossed in to the C57BL/6J background, the HPA defects are less pronounced, possibly as

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Christina Antza Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK

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Georgios Kostopoulos Department of Endocrinology, 424 General Military Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece

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Samiul Mostafa Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK

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Krishnarajah Nirantharakumar Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
Centre of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK

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Abd Tahrani Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
Centre of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK

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. ( https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2014-3911 ) 25658017 Rao R Somvanshi P Klerman EB Marmar C Doyle 3rd FJ 2021 Modeling the influence of chronic sleep restriction on cortisol circadian rhythms, with implications for metabolic disorders

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