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The links between sleep duration, obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus

Christina Antza

Christina Antza Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK

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Georgios Kostopoulos

Georgios Kostopoulos Department of Endocrinology, 424 General Military Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece

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Samiul Mostafa

Samiul Mostafa Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK

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Krishnarajah Nirantharakumar

Krishnarajah Nirantharakumar Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
Centre of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK

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Abd Tahrani

Abd Tahrani Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
Centre of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK

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Global rates of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are increasing globally concomitant with a rising prevalence of sleep deprivation and sleep disorders. Understanding the links between sleep, obesity and T2DM might offer an opportunity to develop better prevention and treatment strategies for these epidemics. Experimental studies have shown that sleep restriction is associated with changes in energy homeostasis, insulin resistance and β-cell function. Epidemiological cohort studies established short sleep duration as a risk factor for developing obesity and T2DM. In addition, small studies suggested that short sleep duration was associated with less weight loss following lifestyle interventions or bariatric surgery. In this article, we review the epidemiological evidence linking sleep duration to obesity and T2DM and plausible mechanisms. In addition, we review the impact of changes in sleep duration on obesity and T2DM.