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Celia Siu Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada
Department of Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada

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Sam Wiseman Department of Surgery, St. Paul’s Hospital & University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada

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Sitanshu Gakkhar Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada

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Alireza Heravi-Moussavi Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada

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Misha Bilenky Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada

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Annaick Carles Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada

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Thomas Sierocinski Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada

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Angela Tam Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada

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Eric Zhao Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada

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Katayoon Kasaian Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada

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Richard A Moore Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada

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Andrew J Mungall Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada

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Blair Walker Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, St. Paul’s Hospital & University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada

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Thomas Thomson Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, BC Cancer Agency & University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada

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Marco A Marra Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada
Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada

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Martin Hirst Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada
Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada

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Steven J M Jones Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada
Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada

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The thyroid gland, necessary for normal human growth and development, functions as an essential regulator of metabolism by the production and secretion of appropriate levels of thyroid hormone. However, assessment of abnormal thyroid function may be challenging suggesting a more fundamental understanding of normal function is needed. One way to characterize normal gland function is to study the epigenome and resulting transcriptome within its constituent cells. This study generates the first published reference epigenomes for human thyroid from four individuals using ChIP-seq and RNA-seq. We profiled six histone modifications (H3K4me1, H3K4me3, H3K27ac, H3K36me3, H3K9me3, H3K27me3), identified chromatin states using a hidden Markov model, produced a novel quantitative metric for model selection and established epigenomic maps of 19 chromatin states. We found that epigenetic features characterizing promoters and transcription elongation tend to be more consistent than regions characterizing enhancers or Polycomb-repressed regions and that epigenetically active genes consistent across all epigenomes tend to have higher expression than those not marked as epigenetically active in all epigenomes. We also identified a set of 18 genes epigenetically active and consistently expressed in the thyroid that are likely highly relevant to thyroid function. Altogether, these epigenomes represent a powerful resource to develop a deeper understanding of the underlying molecular biology of thyroid function and provide contextual information of thyroid and human epigenomic data for comparison and integration into future studies.

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