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elevated plasma ghrelin may mimic the temporary negative energy balance in heifers because plasma ghrelin levels were elevated in conditions of energy insufficiency ( Korbonits et al. 2004 , Anderson et al. 2005 ). In addition, ghrelin
Argentine Research Council (CONICET), La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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1077 recruits STAT5, which mediates some effects of leptin on energy balance and reproduction as well as effects of prolactin ( Tups 2009 ). Leptin-induced JAK2 activation also leads to the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) activation, which is the
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, such as cardiovascular disease and cancer ( Stratton et al . 2000 , Field et al . 2001 ). Obesity is the result of a long-term positive energy balance whereby energy intake surpasses expenditure. The CNS plays a major role in the maintenance of body
Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Headingley Campus, Leeds, UK
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. However, the monitoring of food intake, physical activity and metabolic rate over the course of the whole day and beyond would be required to determine likely effects of the exercise bout, and subsequent appetite response, on energy balance. The post
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in the regulation of energy balance ( Tecott 2007 ), mainly through the modulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. The liver expresses TPH1 and several serotonin receptor subtypes ( Papadimas et al . 2012 ). Serotonin is thought to mediate hepatic
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a negative feedback loop to maintain homeostatic control of adipose tissue mass. This then stimulates a negative energy balance controlling appetite and increasing energy expenditure ( Friedman 2016 ). Leptin also exerts its actions across a wide
Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Cordoba, Spain
CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Cordoba, Spain
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Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
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Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Cordoba, Spain
CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Cordoba, Spain
FiDiPro Program, Department of Physiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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), and hence, is essential for maintenance of energy balance at the whole body level ( Martins et al. 2012 ). In this context, studies carried out in our group demonstrated that hypothalamic mTOR plays an important role in the metabolic control of
Fundación IMABIS, Instituto de Bioingeniería and CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas asociadas (CIBERDEM), Department of Physiology, CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Institute of Medical Sciences, Neurocentre Magendie, Hospital Carlos Haya de Málaga, Laboratorio de Medicina Regenerativa, Pabellón de Gobierno, sótano, Avenida Carlos Haya 82, 29010 Málaga, Spain
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Fundación IMABIS, Instituto de Bioingeniería and CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas asociadas (CIBERDEM), Department of Physiology, CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Institute of Medical Sciences, Neurocentre Magendie, Hospital Carlos Haya de Málaga, Laboratorio de Medicina Regenerativa, Pabellón de Gobierno, sótano, Avenida Carlos Haya 82, 29010 Málaga, Spain
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Fundación IMABIS, Instituto de Bioingeniería and CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas asociadas (CIBERDEM), Department of Physiology, CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Institute of Medical Sciences, Neurocentre Magendie, Hospital Carlos Haya de Málaga, Laboratorio de Medicina Regenerativa, Pabellón de Gobierno, sótano, Avenida Carlos Haya 82, 29010 Málaga, Spain
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Fundación IMABIS, Instituto de Bioingeniería and CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas asociadas (CIBERDEM), Department of Physiology, CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Institute of Medical Sciences, Neurocentre Magendie, Hospital Carlos Haya de Málaga, Laboratorio de Medicina Regenerativa, Pabellón de Gobierno, sótano, Avenida Carlos Haya 82, 29010 Málaga, Spain
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Fundación IMABIS, Instituto de Bioingeniería and CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas asociadas (CIBERDEM), Department of Physiology, CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Institute of Medical Sciences, Neurocentre Magendie, Hospital Carlos Haya de Málaga, Laboratorio de Medicina Regenerativa, Pabellón de Gobierno, sótano, Avenida Carlos Haya 82, 29010 Málaga, Spain
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Fundación IMABIS, Instituto de Bioingeniería and CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas asociadas (CIBERDEM), Department of Physiology, CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Institute of Medical Sciences, Neurocentre Magendie, Hospital Carlos Haya de Málaga, Laboratorio de Medicina Regenerativa, Pabellón de Gobierno, sótano, Avenida Carlos Haya 82, 29010 Málaga, Spain
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Fundación IMABIS, Instituto de Bioingeniería and CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas asociadas (CIBERDEM), Department of Physiology, CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Institute of Medical Sciences, Neurocentre Magendie, Hospital Carlos Haya de Málaga, Laboratorio de Medicina Regenerativa, Pabellón de Gobierno, sótano, Avenida Carlos Haya 82, 29010 Málaga, Spain
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Fundación IMABIS, Instituto de Bioingeniería and CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas asociadas (CIBERDEM), Department of Physiology, CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Institute of Medical Sciences, Neurocentre Magendie, Hospital Carlos Haya de Málaga, Laboratorio de Medicina Regenerativa, Pabellón de Gobierno, sótano, Avenida Carlos Haya 82, 29010 Málaga, Spain
Fundación IMABIS, Instituto de Bioingeniería and CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas asociadas (CIBERDEM), Department of Physiology, CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Institute of Medical Sciences, Neurocentre Magendie, Hospital Carlos Haya de Málaga, Laboratorio de Medicina Regenerativa, Pabellón de Gobierno, sótano, Avenida Carlos Haya 82, 29010 Málaga, Spain
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macrophages. However, at present there is no data regarding the putative role of GPR55 in metabolism or glucose homeostasis. By contrast, the cannabinoid CB1 receptor is a well-known player in controlling energy balance ( Pagotto et al . 2006 ). In fact, the
East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
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East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
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East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
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East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
Human Performance Laboratory, Collage of Human Performance and Health, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
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East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
Human Performance Laboratory, Collage of Human Performance and Health, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
Department of Physiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
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detailing how exercise training mechanistically induces weight loss via neurological control of energy balance and body weight in obese subjects. Given the facts, certain areas within the hypothalamus, such as ARC, VMH, DMH, and PVH, play important roles in
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nutritional state in situations of positive energy balance (EB). Wertz-Lutz et al . (2006) found a weak increase in feed intake upon acyl ghrelin injection; however, neither s.c. ( Roche et al . 2008 ) nor centrally infused acyl ghrelin ( Iqbal et al