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A Alidibbiat
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C E Marriott Diabetes Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Department of Diabetes, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK

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K T Scougall
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S C Campbell
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G C Huang Diabetes Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Department of Diabetes, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK

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W M Macfarlane Diabetes Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Department of Diabetes, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK

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J A M Shaw
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 s at 58 °C, 45 s at 72 °C; 5 min at 72 °C). PCR cycle number was 35 for all primer pairs with the exception of Isl1 (29 cycles) and forkhead box transcription factor a2 (Foxa2; 40 cycles). PCR products were separated and visualised on 1% agarose gels

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Rajat Kumar Das Laboratories of Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3800 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6009, USA

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Sarmistha Banerjee Laboratories of Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3800 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6009, USA

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Bernard H Shapiro Laboratories of Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3800 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6009, USA

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transcription factor were significantly increased in the octreotide-treated rats. As CYP2C11 and IGF1 expression require the activation (i.e. phosphorylation) and nuclear translocation of STAT5B ( Waxman & O'Connor 2006 , Thangavel & Shapiro 2007 ), we

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Janne Jensen Department of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Copenhagen, Panum Institute, Blegdamsvej 3, DK 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
Pharmacology Research 4, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park F6.2.13, DK 2760 Måløv, Denmark
Steno Diabetes Center, Niels Steensensvej 2, DK 2820 Gentofte, Denmark

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Elisabeth D Galsgaard Department of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Copenhagen, Panum Institute, Blegdamsvej 3, DK 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
Pharmacology Research 4, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park F6.2.13, DK 2760 Måløv, Denmark
Steno Diabetes Center, Niels Steensensvej 2, DK 2820 Gentofte, Denmark

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Allan E Karlsen Department of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Copenhagen, Panum Institute, Blegdamsvej 3, DK 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
Pharmacology Research 4, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park F6.2.13, DK 2760 Måløv, Denmark
Steno Diabetes Center, Niels Steensensvej 2, DK 2820 Gentofte, Denmark

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Ying C Lee Department of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Copenhagen, Panum Institute, Blegdamsvej 3, DK 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
Pharmacology Research 4, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park F6.2.13, DK 2760 Måløv, Denmark
Steno Diabetes Center, Niels Steensensvej 2, DK 2820 Gentofte, Denmark

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Jens H Nielsen Department of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Copenhagen, Panum Institute, Blegdamsvej 3, DK 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
Pharmacology Research 4, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park F6.2.13, DK 2760 Måløv, Denmark
Steno Diabetes Center, Niels Steensensvej 2, DK 2820 Gentofte, Denmark

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hGH and cytokines on the induction of SOCS-3 mRNA expression after extended exposure. Effects of hGH and cytokines on activation of the transcription factors NFκB, STAT1 and STAT5 To determine whether activation of

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Sanda Raulic London Regional Cancer Program, Biochemistry, 790 Commissioners Road, Room A4-921, London, Ontario, N6A 4L6 Canada Departments of
London Regional Cancer Program, Biochemistry, 790 Commissioners Road, Room A4-921, London, Ontario, N6A 4L6 Canada Departments of

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Yudith Ramos-Valdes London Regional Cancer Program, Biochemistry, 790 Commissioners Road, Room A4-921, London, Ontario, N6A 4L6 Canada Departments of

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Gabriel E DiMattia London Regional Cancer Program, Biochemistry, 790 Commissioners Road, Room A4-921, London, Ontario, N6A 4L6 Canada Departments of
London Regional Cancer Program, Biochemistry, 790 Commissioners Road, Room A4-921, London, Ontario, N6A 4L6 Canada Departments of
London Regional Cancer Program, Biochemistry, 790 Commissioners Road, Room A4-921, London, Ontario, N6A 4L6 Canada Departments of

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100 kb of the STC2 gene ( Lin et al . 2007 ). Therefore, it seems likely that for E 2 regulation of the STC2 gene, other transcription factors may be mediating the effect as has been documented for the Sp1, AP-1 and nuclear factor-κB ( Chambliss

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Jay H Lo Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, 91 N. Eagleville Road, U-3125, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA

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Pinwen Peter Chiou Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, 91 N. Eagleville Road, U-3125, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA

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C M Lin Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, 91 N. Eagleville Road, U-3125, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA

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Thomas T Chen Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, 91 N. Eagleville Road, U-3125, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA

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by first binding to the GH receptor (GHR) and then triggering signal transduction cascades resulting in physiological responses ( Argetsinger & Carter-Su 1996 ). Although several transcription factors were believed to be involved in GH signaling

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Qinghua Wang State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing Biomedical Research Institute, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
Laboratory Animal Center, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China

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Jing Tang State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing Biomedical Research Institute, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China

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Shujun Jiang State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing Biomedical Research Institute, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China

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Zan Huang State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing Biomedical Research Institute, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China

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Anying Song State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing Biomedical Research Institute, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China

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Siyuan Hou State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing Biomedical Research Institute, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China

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Xiang Gao State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing Biomedical Research Institute, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China

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Hai-Bin Ruan Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA

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Introduction The obesity epidemic continues to rise as a global health challenge. Obesity is a major risk factor for high blood pressure, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, heart disease, cancers, etc. ( Ng et al. 2014 , Ogden et al. 2014 ). The

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L Lundholm Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden

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G Bryzgalova
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H Gao Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden

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N Portwood
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S Fält Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden

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K D Berndt Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden

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A Dicker Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden

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D Galuska Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden

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J R Zierath Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden

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J-Å Gustafsson Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden

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S Efendic
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K Dahlman-Wright Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden

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A Khan
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estrogen receptors (ERs), ERα and ERβ ( Dahlman-Wright et al . 2006 ). ERs belong to the nuclear receptor family of ligand-activated transcription factors, and modulate the expression of target genes by binding either to classic estrogen response

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Sean C Lema
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Jon T Dickey Physiology Program, School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, Pacific Northwest Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, NOAA Fisheries, Seattle, Washington 98112, USA

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Irvin R Schultz Physiology Program, School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, Pacific Northwest Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, NOAA Fisheries, Seattle, Washington 98112, USA

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Penny Swanson
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-binding protein ( bteb ) in the brain. The bteb gene encodes a zinc-fingered transcription factor that binds GC-box domains to regulate TH-mediated gene transcription. Previously, bteb has been shown to be TH regulated in the brain of mice ( Denver et al

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José Edgar Nicoletti-Carvalho
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Tatiane C Araújo Nogueira
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Renata Gorjão Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Institute of Physical Activity Sciences and Sports, Cruzeiro do Sul University, Physiology and Biophysics, Internal Medicine, Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Prof. Lineu Prestes Ave #1524. ICB 1- Room 125, 05508-900 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil

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Carla Rodrigues Bromati
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Tatiana S Yamanaka
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Antonio Carlos Boschero Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Institute of Physical Activity Sciences and Sports, Cruzeiro do Sul University, Physiology and Biophysics, Internal Medicine, Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Prof. Lineu Prestes Ave #1524. ICB 1- Room 125, 05508-900 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil

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Licio Augusto Velloso Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Institute of Physical Activity Sciences and Sports, Cruzeiro do Sul University, Physiology and Biophysics, Internal Medicine, Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Prof. Lineu Prestes Ave #1524. ICB 1- Room 125, 05508-900 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil

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Rui Curi
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Gabriel Forato Anhê Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Institute of Physical Activity Sciences and Sports, Cruzeiro do Sul University, Physiology and Biophysics, Internal Medicine, Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Prof. Lineu Prestes Ave #1524. ICB 1- Room 125, 05508-900 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil

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Silvana Bordin
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-activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) (sc200) antibodies were obtained from Santa Cruz Technology. Anti-BAX (B3428) and anti-β-actin (A5316) antibodies were obtained from Sigma; anti-AKT1 (05-796) was obtained from Upstate Biotechnology (Waltham, MA, USA); and anti

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Ana B Ropero Instituto Bioingeniería, CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Laboratorio de Medicina Regenerativa and CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Elche 03202, Alicante, Spain
Instituto Bioingeniería, CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Laboratorio de Medicina Regenerativa and CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Elche 03202, Alicante, Spain

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Pablo Juan-Picó Instituto Bioingeniería, CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Laboratorio de Medicina Regenerativa and CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Elche 03202, Alicante, Spain
Instituto Bioingeniería, CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Laboratorio de Medicina Regenerativa and CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Elche 03202, Alicante, Spain

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Alex Rafacho Instituto Bioingeniería, CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Laboratorio de Medicina Regenerativa and CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Elche 03202, Alicante, Spain

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Esther Fuentes Instituto Bioingeniería, CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Laboratorio de Medicina Regenerativa and CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Elche 03202, Alicante, Spain
Instituto Bioingeniería, CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Laboratorio de Medicina Regenerativa and CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Elche 03202, Alicante, Spain

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F Javier Bermúdez-Silva Instituto Bioingeniería, CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Laboratorio de Medicina Regenerativa and CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Elche 03202, Alicante, Spain

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Enrique Roche Instituto Bioingeniería, CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Laboratorio de Medicina Regenerativa and CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Elche 03202, Alicante, Spain

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Ivan Quesada Instituto Bioingeniería, CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Laboratorio de Medicina Regenerativa and CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Elche 03202, Alicante, Spain
Instituto Bioingeniería, CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Laboratorio de Medicina Regenerativa and CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Elche 03202, Alicante, Spain

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Fernando Rodríguez de Fonseca Instituto Bioingeniería, CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Laboratorio de Medicina Regenerativa and CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Elche 03202, Alicante, Spain

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Angel Nadal Instituto Bioingeniería, CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Laboratorio de Medicina Regenerativa and CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Elche 03202, Alicante, Spain
Instituto Bioingeniería, CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Laboratorio de Medicina Regenerativa and CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Elche 03202, Alicante, Spain

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superfamily of ligand activated transcription factors ( Robinson-Rechavi et al . 2003 ). PPARs, particularly PPARα and γ, are regulators of lipid metabolism because they act as lipid sensors. Therefore, PPAR ligands represent important pharmaceutical agents

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