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Yan-Hong Bu Institute of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Xiang-Ya Hospital of Central South University, 410011 ChangSha, People's Republic of China
Institute of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Xiang-Ya Hospital of Central South University, 410011 ChangSha, People's Republic of China

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Yu-Ling He Institute of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Xiang-Ya Hospital of Central South University, 410011 ChangSha, People's Republic of China

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Hou-De Zhou Institute of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Xiang-Ya Hospital of Central South University, 410011 ChangSha, People's Republic of China

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Wei Liu Institute of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Xiang-Ya Hospital of Central South University, 410011 ChangSha, People's Republic of China

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Dan Peng Institute of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Xiang-Ya Hospital of Central South University, 410011 ChangSha, People's Republic of China

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Ai-Guo Tang Institute of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Xiang-Ya Hospital of Central South University, 410011 ChangSha, People's Republic of China

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Ling-Li Tang Institute of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Xiang-Ya Hospital of Central South University, 410011 ChangSha, People's Republic of China

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Hui Xie Institute of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Xiang-Ya Hospital of Central South University, 410011 ChangSha, People's Republic of China

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Qiu-Xia Huang Institute of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Xiang-Ya Hospital of Central South University, 410011 ChangSha, People's Republic of China

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Xiang-Hang Luo Institute of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Xiang-Ya Hospital of Central South University, 410011 ChangSha, People's Republic of China

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Er-Yuan Liao Institute of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Xiang-Ya Hospital of Central South University, 410011 ChangSha, People's Republic of China

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's Republic of China). In addition, the PCR products were extracted from the agarose gels and sequenced by BioAsia Company. Cell treatment and western blotting analysis To detect the phosphorylation of AKT, the direct target in IRS1 pathway, after the IRS1

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Zhongxiuzi Gao Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China

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Li Zhang Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China

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Wenting Xie Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China

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Siqi Wang Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China

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Xiaorui Bao Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China

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Yuli Guo Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China

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Houjian Zhang Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China

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Qingzhong Hu Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China

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Yi Chen Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China

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Zeen Wang Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China

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Maoqiang Xue Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China

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Guanghui Jin Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China

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blocking for 60 min at room temperature in Tris-buffered saline containing 0.1% Tween 20 and 5% nonfat milk, the membranes were incubated overnight at 4°C with anti-pAkt (Ser473) antibody (Cell Signaling, #9271), anti-Akt antibody (Cell Signaling, #9272

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Chan-Juan Ma Shanghai Key Laboratory of Endocrine Tumor, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui-Jin Hospital, 197 Rui-Jin 2nd Road, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Endocrine Tumor, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui-Jin Hospital, 197 Rui-Jin 2nd Road, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China

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Ai-Fang Nie Shanghai Key Laboratory of Endocrine Tumor, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui-Jin Hospital, 197 Rui-Jin 2nd Road, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Endocrine Tumor, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui-Jin Hospital, 197 Rui-Jin 2nd Road, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China

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Zhi-Jian Zhang Shanghai Key Laboratory of Endocrine Tumor, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui-Jin Hospital, 197 Rui-Jin 2nd Road, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Endocrine Tumor, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui-Jin Hospital, 197 Rui-Jin 2nd Road, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China

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Zhi-Guo Zhang Shanghai Key Laboratory of Endocrine Tumor, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui-Jin Hospital, 197 Rui-Jin 2nd Road, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Endocrine Tumor, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui-Jin Hospital, 197 Rui-Jin 2nd Road, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China

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Li Du Shanghai Key Laboratory of Endocrine Tumor, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui-Jin Hospital, 197 Rui-Jin 2nd Road, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Endocrine Tumor, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui-Jin Hospital, 197 Rui-Jin 2nd Road, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China

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Xiao-Ying Li Shanghai Key Laboratory of Endocrine Tumor, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui-Jin Hospital, 197 Rui-Jin 2nd Road, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Endocrine Tumor, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui-Jin Hospital, 197 Rui-Jin 2nd Road, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China

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Guang Ning Shanghai Key Laboratory of Endocrine Tumor, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui-Jin Hospital, 197 Rui-Jin 2nd Road, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Endocrine Tumor, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui-Jin Hospital, 197 Rui-Jin 2nd Road, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China

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metabolism, can be activated in peripheral tissues by two distinct pathways. One is insulin signaling pathway via PI3-K/Akt. Insulin accelerates glucose transport via the phosphorylation and activation of Akt, leading to glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4

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Raquel Barbuio Department of Internal Medicine and Gastrocentro, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083–970, Brazil

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Marciane Milanski Department of Internal Medicine and Gastrocentro, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083–970, Brazil

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Manoel B Bertolo Department of Internal Medicine and Gastrocentro, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083–970, Brazil

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Mário J Saad Department of Internal Medicine and Gastrocentro, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083–970, Brazil

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Lício A Velloso Department of Internal Medicine and Gastrocentro, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083–970, Brazil

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polyclonal), anti-JAK2 (sc-278, rabbit polyclonal), anti-Akt (sc-1618, goat polyclonal), anti-phospho [Thr 183 /Tyr 185 ]JNK (sc-6254, mouse monoclonal), anti-phosphotyrosine (pY) (sc-508, mouse monoclonal), anti-phospho Ser 473 Akt (sc-7985-R, rabbit

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Mark E Cleasby Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK

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Pauline M Jamieson Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK

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Philip J Atherton Division of Medical Sciences and Graduate Entry Medicine, University of Nottingham, Medical School, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby, UK

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expression or activity. Broken arrow: indirect effect. P indicates phosphorylation. ACT2BR, activin 2B receptor; AMPK, AMP-activated protein kinase; AS160, Akt substrate of 160 kDa; CRFR2, corticotrophin-releasing factor receptor 2; FOXO, forkhead

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Sung-Soo Park Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea

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Yeon-Joo Lee Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea

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Sooyeon Song Division of Animal Science, College of Agriculture & Life Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea

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Boyong Kim Gwangju Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Gwangju, South Korea

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Hyuno Kang Gwangju Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Gwangju, South Korea

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Sejong Oh Division of Animal Science, College of Agriculture & Life Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea

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Eungseok Kim Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea

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-AMPK (Cell Signaling), anti-phospho-ACC and anti-ACC (Cell Signaling), anti-phospho-Akt and anti-Akt (Cell Signaling) and anti-β-actin antibodies (Santa Cruz). The level of each protein was quantified using the ImageJ program and normalized to the level of β

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Juthamard Surapongchai Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand

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Mujalin Prasannarong Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand

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Tepmanas Bupha-Intr Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand

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Vitoon Saengsirisuwan Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand

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), phospho-Akt (Ser 473 ), Akt, Akt substrate of 160 kDa (AS160), phospho-AS160 (Thr 642 ), c-Jun NH 2 -terminal kinase (SAPK/JNK), phospho-SAPK/JNK (Thr 183 /Tyr 185 ), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phospho-p38 MAPK (Thr 180 /Tyr 182

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Takahiko Kogai Physiology, Departments of

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Saima Sajid-Crockett Physiology, Departments of

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Lynell S Newmarch Physiology, Departments of

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Yan-Yun Liu Physiology, Departments of

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Gregory A Brent Physiology, Departments of
Physiology, Departments of

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H5% medium (without TSH) for 7 days were treated with or without TSH (1 mU/ml), 30 μM LY294002 (LY294), 30 μM LY303511 (LY303), 3 μM PI-103, 30 μM of a casein kinase II inhibitor (CK2i), and/or 30 μM of an Akt1/Akt2 selective inhibitor (Akti-1

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Mariana Renovato Martins Department of Physiology, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Avenue 28 de Setembro, 87-Fundos, 5° andar, Rio de Janeiro 20550-030, Brazil

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Anatalia Kutianski Gonzalez Vieira Department of Physiology, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Avenue 28 de Setembro, 87-Fundos, 5° andar, Rio de Janeiro 20550-030, Brazil

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Érica Patrícia Garcia de Souza Department of Physiology, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Avenue 28 de Setembro, 87-Fundos, 5° andar, Rio de Janeiro 20550-030, Brazil

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Anibal Sanchez Moura Department of Physiology, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Avenue 28 de Setembro, 87-Fundos, 5° andar, Rio de Janeiro 20550-030, Brazil

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) containing 5% nonfat dry milk for 1 h and incubated with the appropriate antibodies overnight. The following primary antibodies were used: rabbit anti-Akt1/2 (H-136) Sc-8312 (1:1000; Santa Cruz Biotechnology), rabbit anti-p-Akt1/2/3 (Ser473) Sc-7985-R (1

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Melissa Fuerst Departments of, Human Nutritional Sciences, Physiology, Molecular Physiology Laboratory, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2N2
Departments of, Human Nutritional Sciences, Physiology, Molecular Physiology Laboratory, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2N2

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Carla G Taylor Departments of, Human Nutritional Sciences, Physiology, Molecular Physiology Laboratory, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2N2
Departments of, Human Nutritional Sciences, Physiology, Molecular Physiology Laboratory, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2N2
Departments of, Human Nutritional Sciences, Physiology, Molecular Physiology Laboratory, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2N2

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Brenda Wright Departments of, Human Nutritional Sciences, Physiology, Molecular Physiology Laboratory, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2N2

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Leslee Tworek Departments of, Human Nutritional Sciences, Physiology, Molecular Physiology Laboratory, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2N2

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Peter Zahradka Departments of, Human Nutritional Sciences, Physiology, Molecular Physiology Laboratory, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2N2
Departments of, Human Nutritional Sciences, Physiology, Molecular Physiology Laboratory, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2N2
Departments of, Human Nutritional Sciences, Physiology, Molecular Physiology Laboratory, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2N2

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). Following electrophoresis, the proteins were transferred to PVDF membrane and probed with primary antibodies to eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase (eEF2K), phospho-eEF2K, phosphorylated extracellular-regulated kinase (ERK1/2), phospho-Akt, phospho

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