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Life Sciences Institute, Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, 210 Washtenaw Avenue, LSI, RM5115A, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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Life Sciences Institute, Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, 210 Washtenaw Avenue, LSI, RM5115A, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs311/en ). A number of conditions including heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and some cancers are more prevalent in obese individuals, and worldwide ∼3.4 million deaths each year are related to obesity (WHO: www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs311/en
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Peripheral insulin resistance is characteristic not only for subjects with type 2 diabetes, but a clinically relevant finding also in subjects with type 1 diabetes ( Yki-Järvinen et al . 1987 , Rossetti et al . 1990 , Bingley et al . 2008
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-cell proliferation and an inability to expand islet cell mass with aging. Diabetes onset is accompanied by loss of fat tissue. In contrast, pttg −/− female mice rarely develop diabetes before 1 year of age and the incidence of diabetes in older pttg -null females
Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Tohoku Medical-Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
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Tohoku Medical-Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
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Introduction Type 1 diabetes is caused by destruction or dysfunction of insulin-producing pancreatic β-cells, and its incidence is increasing in the modern world ( Tuomilehto 2013 ). Protecting β-cells from inflammation and destruction is an
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Department of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Molecular Biosciences, Department of Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, T7 022A Veterinary Research Tower (Box 17), Ithaca, New York 14850, USA
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Department of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Molecular Biosciences, Department of Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, T7 022A Veterinary Research Tower (Box 17), Ithaca, New York 14850, USA
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Department of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Molecular Biosciences, Department of Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, T7 022A Veterinary Research Tower (Box 17), Ithaca, New York 14850, USA
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Department of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Molecular Biosciences, Department of Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, T7 022A Veterinary Research Tower (Box 17), Ithaca, New York 14850, USA
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Introduction The prevalence of type 2 diabetes is steadily rising with approximately one in ten adults affected in industrialized countries ( Danaei et al . 2011 ), necessitating the advent of more effective therapeutic strategies for the
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Clinical Chemistry Program, Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Diseases, Department of Cancer Biology, Barbara Davis Center of Childhood Diabetes, Central Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Cleveland State University, SI 424, Cleveland, Ohio 44115, USA
Clinical Chemistry Program, Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Diseases, Department of Cancer Biology, Barbara Davis Center of Childhood Diabetes, Central Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Cleveland State University, SI 424, Cleveland, Ohio 44115, USA
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Introduction The etiology of diabetes continues to be a focus of investigation. Both genetic and environmental factors such as toxins, viruses, and diets are believed to play an important role in its pathogenesis ( Mathis et al . 2001 ). A
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Introduction Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune disease, resulting from the destruction of insulin-producing β-cells of the pancreatic islets of Langerhans, which leads to a state of hypoinsulinemia and hyperglycemia. In 2015, 1
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Faculty of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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Imperial College London, London, UK
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Department of Biochemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Introduction Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) is a clinically heterogeneous form of diabetes that is inherited in an autosomal-dominant pattern and in general, affected families have a history of diabetes over several generations
Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
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Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
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Departments of Medicine and Pathology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
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Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
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Introduction Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic isorder characterized by hyperglycemia in the context of insulin resistance (IR) and insulin secretion deficiency due to β-cell dysfunction. The global prevalence of T2DM is
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2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cancer ( Eyre et al . 2004 ). While common molecular mechanisms are only just beginning to emerge, there has been a wealth of epidemiological data describing the overlap between many of the diseases. Among this