resulted in impairment of glucose metabolism in 12-month-old male mice; however, it did not induce insulin resistance. Instead, it promoted glucagon production and increased hepatic glucose output (HGO), which together contributed to increased glucose
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Zhongxiuzi Gao, Li Zhang, Wenting Xie, Siqi Wang, Xiaorui Bao, Yuli Guo, Houjian Zhang, Qingzhong Hu, Yi Chen, Zeen Wang, Maoqiang Xue, and Guanghui Jin
A Edlund, M Barghouth, M Hühn, M Abels, J S E Esguerra, I G Mollet, E Svedin, A Wendt, E Renström, E Zhang, N Wierup, B J Scholte, M Flodström-Tullberg, and L Eliasson
F508del beta cells have defective exocytosis and insulin secretion. Finally, we measured islet glucagon and somatostatin secretion. The data presented highlight the important contribution of CFTR in beta cells for functional insulin secretion
Paul Millar, Nupur Pathak, Vadivel Parthsarathy, Anthony J Bjourson, Maurice O’Kane, Varun Pathak, R Charlotte Moffett, Peter R Flatt, and Victor A Gault
surge in the number of new drug classes such as glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonists, dipeptidylpeptidase-4 (DPP4) inhibitors and sodium glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors ( Bailey et al . 2016 ). Although these agents may be used as
Rebecca McGirr, Leonardo Guizzetti, and Savita Dhanvantari
Introduction Proglucagon is a prohormone that is expressed in the alpha cells of the pancreas, the L cells of the intestine and in select neurons of the brainstem. In the pancreatic alpha cell, PC2 cleaves proglucagon to yield glucagon ( Rouille et
Maaike M Roefs, Françoise Carlotti, Katherine Jones, Hannah Wills, Alexander Hamilton, Michael Verschoor, Joanna M Williams Durkin, Laura Garcia-Perez, Melissa F Brereton, Laura McCulloch, Marten A Engelse, Paul R V Johnson, Barbara C Hansen, Kevin Docherty, Eelco J P de Koning, and Anne Clark
not identical methodologies. Tissue sections were rehydrated, and antigen retrieval was performed by heating slides in 0.01 M citrate buffer (pH = 6.0). Primary antibodies against insulin, glucagon, vimentin, Nkx6.1, Pdx1, N-cadherin, smooth muscle
Maureen J Charron and Patricia M Vuguin
Introduction Glucagon is a 29-amino acid polypeptide secreted by the α or glucagon cell of the islet of Langerhans in response to hypoglycemia, arginine, gastric inhibitory polypeptide (during ambient reduced glucose levels), gastrin, and potassium
Thomas H Claus, Clark Q Pan, Joanne M Buxton, Ling Yang, Jennifer C Reynolds, Nicole Barucci, Michael Burns, Astrid A Ortiz, Steve Roczniak, James N Livingston, Kevin B Clairmont, and James P Whelan
Introduction Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a potent endogenous modulator of insulin secretion that is released by the L-cells in the crypts of the jejunum and ileum in response to a meal ( Kieffer & Habener 1999 ). Its function
Bishnu Adhikari, Prabhat Khanal, and Mette Olaf Nielsen
Introduction Glucagon plays a key role in glucose homeostasis due to its stimulating effect on hepatic glucose output in response to low blood glucose levels ( Jiang & Zhang 2003 ). In addition, glucagon has also been suggested to be a
Ivan Quesada, Eva Tudurí, Cristina Ripoll, and Ángel Nadal
Introduction The principal level of control on glycaemia by the islet of Langerhans depends largely on the coordinated secretion of glucagon and insulin by α- and β-cells respectively. Both cell types respond oppositely to changes in blood glucose
Yoko Fujiwara, Masami Hiroyama, Atsushi Sanbe, Junji Yamauchi, Gozoh Tsujimoto, and Akito Tanoue
during lactation ( Moos et al. 1989 , Young et al. 1996 ). In addition to these physiological roles, AVP and OT are known to regulate the circulating blood glucose level by stimulating insulin and glucagon release ( Dunning et al. 1984 , Gao et
