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National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, Department of Animal Physiology, School of Biological Sciences, PO Box 2029 Nordnes, N-5817 Bergen, Norway
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increased collagenase mRNA expression and collagen degradation in rat ( Varghese et al . 1994 ). Skeletal deformities in fish have been causally associated with dietary retinol levels ( Dedi et al . 1995 , Ørnsrud et al . 2002 ). Data from mammalian
Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, Rua do Campo Alegre, Porto, Portugal
ICBAS, University of Porto, Largo Professor Abel Salazar, Porto, Portugal
Molecular Endocrinology Unit, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, CSIC & UAM, Madrid, Spain
Department of Production & Systems Engineering, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
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Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, Rua do Campo Alegre, Porto, Portugal
ICBAS, University of Porto, Largo Professor Abel Salazar, Porto, Portugal
Molecular Endocrinology Unit, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, CSIC & UAM, Madrid, Spain
Department of Production & Systems Engineering, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
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Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, Rua do Campo Alegre, Porto, Portugal
ICBAS, University of Porto, Largo Professor Abel Salazar, Porto, Portugal
Molecular Endocrinology Unit, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, CSIC & UAM, Madrid, Spain
Department of Production & Systems Engineering, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
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Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, Rua do Campo Alegre, Porto, Portugal
ICBAS, University of Porto, Largo Professor Abel Salazar, Porto, Portugal
Molecular Endocrinology Unit, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, CSIC & UAM, Madrid, Spain
Department of Production & Systems Engineering, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
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Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, Rua do Campo Alegre, Porto, Portugal
ICBAS, University of Porto, Largo Professor Abel Salazar, Porto, Portugal
Molecular Endocrinology Unit, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, CSIC & UAM, Madrid, Spain
Department of Production & Systems Engineering, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
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thyroxine (T 4 ) and the retinol-binding protein–retinol complex. TTR synthesis is a phylogenetically conserved event ( Harms et al. 1991 ), and starts early during embryonic development. It has for a long time been suggested that TTR is involved in
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: 770 µg *RAE Lactation: 1300 µg *RAE Clostridiales ⊣ Retinoic acid → IL-22 → Antimicrobial responses in intestinal epithelial cells Dysbiosis → ↑Proteobacteria → ↓Retinoic acid → ↑ S. typhiumurium colonization Germ Free vs Conventional Mice: Retinol
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GTA CTG TGA ATA TAG CAC CAA A-3′, reverse 5′-AGC AAT ATC ATA TTT ATA TTC ACT TGA CAA ATT CAT-3′; glutathione_peroxi-dase_2 (NM_030677): forward 5′-TGC CAT CTA GAT GAG AGC TGC T-3′, reverse 5′-CAG ACT GGC TCT GGA CCC TT-3′; retinol_binding_protein_7
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arthritis ( Schultz et al . 2010 , Ogata et al . 2011 , Ye & McGuinness 2013 ). Rbp4 Rbp4 is a transport protein for retinol in systemic circulation, and is mainly produced by the liver but also expressed in white adipocytes. Rbp4 was first characterized
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Department of Physiology, Turku Center for Disease Modeling, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
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Department of Physiology, Turku Center for Disease Modeling, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
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Department of Physiology, Turku Center for Disease Modeling, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
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analyses have indicated that HSD17B2 is a close homologue of retinoid-converting enzymes and presents with a high sequence similarity to retinol dehydrogenase type 1 ( Chai et al . 1995 a , b , Simon et al . 1995 ). In addition, studies have shown that
Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Kwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Korea
Laboratory of Reproductive Biology and Infertility, Cheil General Hospital, Women’s Healthcare Center, Seoul 100-380, Korea
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey 07101-1709, USA
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Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Kwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Korea
Laboratory of Reproductive Biology and Infertility, Cheil General Hospital, Women’s Healthcare Center, Seoul 100-380, Korea
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey 07101-1709, USA
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Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Kwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Korea
Laboratory of Reproductive Biology and Infertility, Cheil General Hospital, Women’s Healthcare Center, Seoul 100-380, Korea
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey 07101-1709, USA
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Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Kwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Korea
Laboratory of Reproductive Biology and Infertility, Cheil General Hospital, Women’s Healthcare Center, Seoul 100-380, Korea
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey 07101-1709, USA
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Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Kwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Korea
Laboratory of Reproductive Biology and Infertility, Cheil General Hospital, Women’s Healthcare Center, Seoul 100-380, Korea
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey 07101-1709, USA
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Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Kwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Korea
Laboratory of Reproductive Biology and Infertility, Cheil General Hospital, Women’s Healthcare Center, Seoul 100-380, Korea
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey 07101-1709, USA
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Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Kwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Korea
Laboratory of Reproductive Biology and Infertility, Cheil General Hospital, Women’s Healthcare Center, Seoul 100-380, Korea
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey 07101-1709, USA
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, Ludwig et al. 2000 , IJpenberg et al. 2004 ). For example, DR1 and DR2 found in the promoter of cellular retinol-binding protein II (CRABPII) are shown to be activated by both RXR/RXR homodimer and RAR/RXR heterodimer ( Durand et al. 1992
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Department of Human Metabolism, Robert Hague Centre for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Medical School, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
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, lipoprotein lipase; LXR, liver X receptor; MTTP, microsomal triglyceride transfer protein; PPARγ, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ; RBP4, retinol-binding protein-4; Scd1, stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1; SR-1B, scavenger receptor class B member 1; SREBP
Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Frontier Bioscience, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Research, Institute of Clinical Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita-shi, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Frontier Bioscience, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Research, Institute of Clinical Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita-shi, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Frontier Bioscience, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Research, Institute of Clinical Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita-shi, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Frontier Bioscience, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Research, Institute of Clinical Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita-shi, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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activator inhibitor type-I, resistin, and retinol-binding protein 4 ( Hotamisligil & Spiegelman 1994 , Zhang et al . 1994 , Maeda et al . 1996 , Shimomura et al . 1996 , Steppan et al . 2001 , Yang et al . 2005 ). Dysregulated production of
University Paris sud, bat 447, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
Faculty of Agriculture, Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Hebrew University, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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University Paris sud, bat 447, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
Faculty of Agriculture, Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Hebrew University, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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University Paris sud, bat 447, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
Faculty of Agriculture, Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Hebrew University, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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University Paris sud, bat 447, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
Faculty of Agriculture, Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Hebrew University, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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University Paris sud, bat 447, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
Faculty of Agriculture, Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Hebrew University, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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per kilogram diet: retinol acetate, 3800 μg; cholecalciferol, 60 μg; α-tocopherol, 30 mg; menadione, 1.5 mg; thiamin, 1.5 mg; riboflavin, 4 mg; pyridoxine, 2 mg; cobalamin, 20 μg; niacin, 30 mg; biotin, 70 μg; folic acid, 1 mg; pantothenic acid, 10 mg