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feeding in humans. While the mechanism of GPR1-mediated feeding modulation remains elusive, these findings reiterate the need for further studies on the role that chemerin and its receptors play in the regulation of feeding and energy balance. Insulin
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deficiency. While reproductive disturbances are largely dissociated from common obesity, nutritional factors and reproduction are closely connected, as exemplified in states of negative energy balance, when food intake corrects amenorrhea. For example
Department of Chemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
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Department of Chemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
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Department of Chemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
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Department of Chemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
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Department of Chemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
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Department of Chemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
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), which are key elements in the control of energy balance ( Friedman 2002 , Schneider et al. 2002 , Small et al. 2002 , Matsumura et al. 2003 , Mountjoy et al. 2003 , Pankov Iu 2005 ). Experimental blockade of melanocortin receptors (MCRs) in
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European Associated Laboratory (EAL) ‘NeuroMicrobiota’, Brussels/Toulouse, Belgium
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European Associated Laboratory (EAL) ‘NeuroMicrobiota’, Brussels/Toulouse, Belgium
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metabolic abnormalities, prevention remains the greatest challenge. Among the different factors contributing to the regulation of energy balance, the microorganisms that reside in the human gut (called the gut microbiota) have received increasing attention
Department of Metabolic Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College, London W12 ONN, UK
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Department of Metabolic Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College, London W12 ONN, UK
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Department of Metabolic Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College, London W12 ONN, UK
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Department of Metabolic Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College, London W12 ONN, UK
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seems to be only modest ( Miller et al. 1997 ). The ability of exercise to create a negative energy balance (EB) relies not only directly on its impact on energy expenditure (EE), but also indirectly on its potential to modulate energy intake (EI
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) as described in the following sections for all of the groups. Experimental procedures were carried out in accordance with the protocols approved by the Austin Health Animal Ethics Committee (AEC no. A2010/04028). Feeding protocol and energy balance
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Introduction Stimulation of β-adrenergic receptors (β-AR) by the sympathoadrenal system is an important physiological determinant of total daily energy expenditure (EE) and hence energy balance in humans ( van Baak 2001 ). Evidence for this is
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BDNF 2L/2LAlb-cre conditional mutants were analyzed using the comparative C t method. * P =0.002. To determine whether reduced expression of Bdnf in the liver had any effects on energy balance, we monitored food intake of BDNF 2L/2LAlb-cre mutant
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maximal increase in 1450% after 4 h ( Fig. 4 E). ACTH stimulation increases UCP-1 mRNA in brown adipocytes The thermogenic brown adipose tissue contributes to energy balance in small mammals and may be associated with insulin sensitivity in human adults
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regulation of energy homeostasis. However, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. In the brain, and in agreement with its role in the control of energy balance, NUCB2/nesfatin-1 is highly expressed in several hypothalamic nuclei such as