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Yanqiu Wang Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Zhou Jin Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Jiajun Sun Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Xinxin Chen Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, China

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Pu Xie Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Yulin Zhou Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Shu Wang Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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, a CD14 + monocyte/macrophage-restricted receptor and an interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) that is upregulated by type I IFN, was increased in uGD patients at both the monocyte mRNA and serum levels. Inhibiting monocyte SIGLEC1 expression caused

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Farhana Naznin Division of Neurology, Department of Sports and Fitness, AMED-CREST, Respirology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan

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Koji Toshinai Division of Neurology, Department of Sports and Fitness, AMED-CREST, Respirology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
Division of Neurology, Department of Sports and Fitness, AMED-CREST, Respirology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan

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T M Zaved Waise Division of Neurology, Department of Sports and Fitness, AMED-CREST, Respirology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan

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Cherl NamKoong Division of Neurology, Department of Sports and Fitness, AMED-CREST, Respirology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan

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Abu Saleh Md Moin Division of Neurology, Department of Sports and Fitness, AMED-CREST, Respirology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan

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Hideyuki Sakoda Division of Neurology, Department of Sports and Fitness, AMED-CREST, Respirology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan

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Masamitsu Nakazato Division of Neurology, Department of Sports and Fitness, AMED-CREST, Respirology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
Division of Neurology, Department of Sports and Fitness, AMED-CREST, Respirology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan

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12 weeks. Expression of the ghrelin receptor in both the nodose ganglion and hypothalamus were downregulated in HFD-fed mice. We also investigated inflammation in the nodose ganglion and hypothalamus by performing immunohistochemistry of macrophages

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K Vagnerová Institutes of Physiology and
Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídenská 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic

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M Kverka Institutes of Physiology and
Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídenská 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic

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P Klusoňová Institutes of Physiology and
Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídenská 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic

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P Ergang Institutes of Physiology and
Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídenská 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic

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I Mikšík Institutes of Physiology and
Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídenská 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic

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H Tlaskalová-Hogenová Institutes of Physiology and
Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídenská 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic

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J Pácha Institutes of Physiology and
Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídenská 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic

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localized in the cells of lamina propria ( Whorwood et al. 1994 ). This matches with the findings of 11HSD1 in fibroblasts ( Hammami & Siiteri 1991 ), macrophages ( Thieringer et al. 2001 ), and lymphocytes ( Zhang et al. 2005 ). Consistent with the

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Jessica R Mader
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Zachary T Resch
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Gary R McLean Endocrine Research Unit, Department of Comparative Medicine, Cellular and Molecular Immunology Research Centre, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, 5-194 Joseph, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA

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Jakob H Mikkelsen Endocrine Research Unit, Department of Comparative Medicine, Cellular and Molecular Immunology Research Centre, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, 5-194 Joseph, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA

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Claus Oxvig Endocrine Research Unit, Department of Comparative Medicine, Cellular and Molecular Immunology Research Centre, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, 5-194 Joseph, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA

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Ronald J Marler Endocrine Research Unit, Department of Comparative Medicine, Cellular and Molecular Immunology Research Centre, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, 5-194 Joseph, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA

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Cheryl A Conover
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mice. b Significant difference between 18-month-old non-diabetic and diabetic WT mice. Immunohistochemistry De-paraffinized sections of mouse kidney were stained for macrophages using F4/80 as primary antibody. Slides were rinsed with Tris

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Zhongyang Lu Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Division of Endocrinology, Charleston, South Carolina 29401, USA

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Xiaoming Zhang Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Division of Endocrinology, Charleston, South Carolina 29401, USA

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Yanchun Li Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Division of Endocrinology, Charleston, South Carolina 29401, USA

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Junfei Jin Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Division of Endocrinology, Charleston, South Carolina 29401, USA

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Yan Huang Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Division of Endocrinology, Charleston, South Carolina 29401, USA
Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Division of Endocrinology, Charleston, South Carolina 29401, USA

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by endogenous ligands that are likely to be related to hyperlipidemia in Apoe −/− mice. Indeed, in vitro studies have shown that minimally modified LDL (mmLDL) is capable of inducing inflammatory cytokine production in macrophages by engaging TLR4

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Sébastien Desarzens Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

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Nourdine Faresse Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
Zurich Center of Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
National Center of Competence in Research ‘Kidney.CH’, Zurich, Switzerland

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-inflammatory genes and macrophage infiltration into adipose tissue in obese mice ( Guo et al . 2008 , Hirata et al . 2009 , Lee et al . 2014 ). Conversely, selective activation of GR by dexamethasone decreases pro-inflammatory cytokine expression and macrophage

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Zhiguo Liu Laboratory of Lipid and Glucose Metabolism, Laboratory of Metabolic Medicine, Division of Neuroscience, Department of Biochemistry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China

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Chun Yan Lim Laboratory of Lipid and Glucose Metabolism, Laboratory of Metabolic Medicine, Division of Neuroscience, Department of Biochemistry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China

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Michelle Yu-Fah Su Laboratory of Lipid and Glucose Metabolism, Laboratory of Metabolic Medicine, Division of Neuroscience, Department of Biochemistry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China

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Stephanie Li Ying Soh Laboratory of Lipid and Glucose Metabolism, Laboratory of Metabolic Medicine, Division of Neuroscience, Department of Biochemistry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China

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Guanghou Shui Laboratory of Lipid and Glucose Metabolism, Laboratory of Metabolic Medicine, Division of Neuroscience, Department of Biochemistry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China

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Markus R Wenk Laboratory of Lipid and Glucose Metabolism, Laboratory of Metabolic Medicine, Division of Neuroscience, Department of Biochemistry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China

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Kevin L Grove Laboratory of Lipid and Glucose Metabolism, Laboratory of Metabolic Medicine, Division of Neuroscience, Department of Biochemistry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China

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George K Radda Laboratory of Lipid and Glucose Metabolism, Laboratory of Metabolic Medicine, Division of Neuroscience, Department of Biochemistry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China

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Weiping Han Laboratory of Lipid and Glucose Metabolism, Laboratory of Metabolic Medicine, Division of Neuroscience, Department of Biochemistry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
Laboratory of Lipid and Glucose Metabolism, Laboratory of Metabolic Medicine, Division of Neuroscience, Department of Biochemistry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China

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Xiaoqiu Xiao Laboratory of Lipid and Glucose Metabolism, Laboratory of Metabolic Medicine, Division of Neuroscience, Department of Biochemistry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
Laboratory of Lipid and Glucose Metabolism, Laboratory of Metabolic Medicine, Division of Neuroscience, Department of Biochemistry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China

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local increases in the production of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA). Through increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, and infiltration of macrophages and other immune cells into adipose tissue, obesity-induced inflammation is

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Yuichi Kikuchi Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan

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Muneharu Yamada Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan

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Toshihiko Imakiire Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan

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Taketoshi Kushiyama Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan

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Keishi Higashi Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan

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Naomi Hyodo Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan

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Kojiro Yamamoto Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan

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Takashi Oda Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan

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Shigenobu Suzuki Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan

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Soichiro Miura Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan

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prevented hypertensive renal injuries by inhibiting expression of extracellular matrix genes, oxidative stress, cell proliferation, and macrophage infiltration in several hypertensive models ( Kanda et al. 2003 , Nishikimi et al. 2004 , Ishikawa et al

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Eddy Himpe Laboratory of Pharmacology (FARC), Medical School, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, B1090 Brussels, Belgium

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Céline Degaillier Laboratory of Pharmacology (FARC), Medical School, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, B1090 Brussels, Belgium

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Astrid Coppens Laboratory of Pharmacology (FARC), Medical School, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, B1090 Brussels, Belgium

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Ron Kooijman Laboratory of Pharmacology (FARC), Medical School, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, B1090 Brussels, Belgium

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of inflammation by chemoattractants such as interleukin-8 (IL8). This inflammatory cytokine is produced by monocytes and macrophages, and is also one of the most abundant cytokines produced by neutrophils, which triggers degranulation and oxidative

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Ljupka Gligorovska Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research ‘Siniša Stanković’, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia

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Biljana Bursać Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research ‘Siniša Stanković’, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia

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Sanja Kovačević Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research ‘Siniša Stanković’, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia

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Nataša Veličković Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research ‘Siniša Stanković’, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia

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Gordana Matić Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research ‘Siniša Stanković’, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia

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Ana Djordjevic Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research ‘Siniša Stanković’, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia

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-abdominal adiposity and dysfunction of the adipose tissue, resulting in the infiltration of immune cells and development of chronic low-grade inflammation ( Monteiro & Azevedo 2010 ). Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a pleiotropic ubiquitously

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