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L A Nolan Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, University of Bristol, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Whitson Street, Bristol BS1 3NY, UK

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A Levy Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, University of Bristol, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Whitson Street, Bristol BS1 3NY, UK

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striking sexual dimorphism . Journal of Physiology 549 835 – 843 . Oishi Y Okuda M Takahashi H Fujii T Morii S 1993 Cellular proliferation in the anterior pituitary gland of normal adult rats: influences of sex, estrous cycle, and

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1677/JOE-08-0474
Volume/Issue:
Volume 200: Issue 3
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Duarte Pignatelli Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Molecular da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto and IBMC, Alameda Hernani Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of London, Queen Mary, London E1 4NS, UK

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Fang Xiao Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Molecular da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto and IBMC, Alameda Hernani Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of London, Queen Mary, London E1 4NS, UK

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Alexandra M Gouveia Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Molecular da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto and IBMC, Alameda Hernani Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of London, Queen Mary, London E1 4NS, UK

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Jorge G Ferreira Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Molecular da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto and IBMC, Alameda Hernani Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of London, Queen Mary, London E1 4NS, UK

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Gavin P Vinson Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Molecular da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto and IBMC, Alameda Hernani Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of London, Queen Mary, London E1 4NS, UK

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attenuation of this growth after 60 days. The adrenal weight as well as the area of the cortex (Fig. 1 ) and zona fasciculata (Fig. 2 ), but not the area of the zona reticularis (Fig. 3 ), exhibited sexual divergence after puberty, being larger in

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1677/joe.1.06972
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Volume 191: Issue 1
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Cristina Aresté
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M Jesús Melià
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Joan Isern
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José Luis Tovar
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Anna Meseguer
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the spontaneously hypertensive rat model, a sexual dimorphism in BP has also been observed ( Chen & Meng 1991 , Turner et al. 1991 , Phillips et al. 1997 , Reckelhoff et al. 1999 ). Despite the scarce information on sex-related BP differences

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DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1677/joe.1.05649
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Volume 183: Issue 1
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Emily Panagiotidou Department of Basic Sciences and Oral Biology, Institute of Biology, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Thivon 2, 11527 Athens, Greece

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Sophia Zerva Department of Basic Sciences and Oral Biology, Institute of Biology, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Thivon 2, 11527 Athens, Greece

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Dimitra J Mitsiou Department of Basic Sciences and Oral Biology, Institute of Biology, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Thivon 2, 11527 Athens, Greece

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Michael N Alexis Department of Basic Sciences and Oral Biology, Institute of Biology, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Thivon 2, 11527 Athens, Greece

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Efthymia Kitraki Department of Basic Sciences and Oral Biology, Institute of Biology, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Thivon 2, 11527 Athens, Greece

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robust and extended in prepubertal than mature male rats, reaching adult levels after postnatal day 50. Sexual dimorphism of BPA effects on the stress axis Perinatal BPA exposure often exerts a sex-specific effect on their offspring's physiology and

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DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/JOE-13-0416
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Volume 220: Issue 3
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Shuisheng Li State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Department of Biochemistry, College of Ocean, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals, and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China

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Yong Zhang State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Department of Biochemistry, College of Ocean, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals, and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China

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Yun Liu State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Department of Biochemistry, College of Ocean, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals, and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China

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Xigui Huang State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Department of Biochemistry, College of Ocean, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals, and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China

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Weiren Huang State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Department of Biochemistry, College of Ocean, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals, and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China

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Danqi Lu State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Department of Biochemistry, College of Ocean, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals, and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China

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Pei Zhu State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Department of Biochemistry, College of Ocean, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals, and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China

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Yu Shi State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Department of Biochemistry, College of Ocean, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals, and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China

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Christopher H K Cheng State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Department of Biochemistry, College of Ocean, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals, and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China

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Xiaochun Liu State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Department of Biochemistry, College of Ocean, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals, and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China

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Haoran Lin State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Department of Biochemistry, College of Ocean, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals, and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Department of Biochemistry, College of Ocean, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals, and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China

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, the mechanism of sexual dimorphism, the regulation of seasonal reproduction, and the integration of energy homeostasis and reproduction ( Kauffman et al . 2007 , Popa et al . 2008 ). In lower vertebrates, however, the role and significance of the

Article Type:
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DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1677/JOE-09-0016
Volume/Issue:
Volume 201: Issue 3
Free access
Nerine T Joseph Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, MRC Human Reproductive Sciences Unit, MRC/UCT, The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian, Edinburgh EH25 9PS, UK
Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, MRC Human Reproductive Sciences Unit, MRC/UCT, The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian, Edinburgh EH25 9PS, UK

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Kevin Morgan Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, MRC Human Reproductive Sciences Unit, MRC/UCT, The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian, Edinburgh EH25 9PS, UK

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Robin Sellar Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, MRC Human Reproductive Sciences Unit, MRC/UCT, The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian, Edinburgh EH25 9PS, UK

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Derek McBride Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, MRC Human Reproductive Sciences Unit, MRC/UCT, The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian, Edinburgh EH25 9PS, UK

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Robert P Millar Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, MRC Human Reproductive Sciences Unit, MRC/UCT, The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian, Edinburgh EH25 9PS, UK
Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, MRC Human Reproductive Sciences Unit, MRC/UCT, The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian, Edinburgh EH25 9PS, UK

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Ian C Dunn Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, MRC Human Reproductive Sciences Unit, MRC/UCT, The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian, Edinburgh EH25 9PS, UK

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due to the age of animals used in different studies. The sexual dimorphism in cGnRH-R-III expression, where levels of mRNA are higher in juvenile males compared with juvenile females, is consistent with the LH response to photo-stimulation seen in

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1677/JOE-08-0544
Volume/Issue:
Volume 202: Issue 1
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Saira Hameed Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Section of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, 6th Floor Commonwealth Building, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK

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Channa N Jayasena Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Section of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, 6th Floor Commonwealth Building, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK

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Waljit S Dhillo Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Section of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, 6th Floor Commonwealth Building, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK

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Postnatal development of kisspeptin neurons in mouse hypothalamus; sexual dimorphism and projections to gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons . Endocrinology 147 5817 – 5825 doi:10.1210/en.2006-0787 . Clarkson J d'Anglemont de Tassigny X Moreno

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DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1677/JOE-10-0265
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Volume 208: Issue 2
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Pryscila D S Teixeira Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofisica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil

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Angela M Ramos-Lobo Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofisica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil

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Mariana Rosolen Tavares Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofisica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil

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Frederick Wasinski Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofisica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil

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Renata Frazao Departamento de Anatomia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil

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Jose Donato Jr Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofisica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil

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-day-old mice. Additionally, some evidence of sexual dimorphism was observed in the hypothalamic expression of neuropeptides during development. While 12-day-oldmale Lep ob/ob mice exhibited decreased hypothalamic expression of Cartpt , Hcrt , Pmch

Article Type:
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DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/JOE-20-0076
Volume/Issue:
Volume 249: Issue 3
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Elisa Keating Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT), School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Animal Facility, Department of Clinical Pathology, ISPUP-EPIUnit, CINTESIS – Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT), School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Animal Facility, Department of Clinical Pathology, ISPUP-EPIUnit, CINTESIS – Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal

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Ana Correia-Branco Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT), School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Animal Facility, Department of Clinical Pathology, ISPUP-EPIUnit, CINTESIS – Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal

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João R Araújo Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT), School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Animal Facility, Department of Clinical Pathology, ISPUP-EPIUnit, CINTESIS – Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal

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Manuela Meireles Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT), School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Animal Facility, Department of Clinical Pathology, ISPUP-EPIUnit, CINTESIS – Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal

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Rita Fernandes Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT), School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Animal Facility, Department of Clinical Pathology, ISPUP-EPIUnit, CINTESIS – Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT), School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Animal Facility, Department of Clinical Pathology, ISPUP-EPIUnit, CINTESIS – Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal

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Luísa Guardão Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT), School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Animal Facility, Department of Clinical Pathology, ISPUP-EPIUnit, CINTESIS – Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal

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João T Guimarães Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT), School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Animal Facility, Department of Clinical Pathology, ISPUP-EPIUnit, CINTESIS – Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT), School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Animal Facility, Department of Clinical Pathology, ISPUP-EPIUnit, CINTESIS – Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT), School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Animal Facility, Department of Clinical Pathology, ISPUP-EPIUnit, CINTESIS – Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal

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Fátima Martel Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT), School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Animal Facility, Department of Clinical Pathology, ISPUP-EPIUnit, CINTESIS – Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal

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Conceição Calhau Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT), School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Animal Facility, Department of Clinical Pathology, ISPUP-EPIUnit, CINTESIS – Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT), School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Animal Facility, Department of Clinical Pathology, ISPUP-EPIUnit, CINTESIS – Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal

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impaired glycemic control ( Maloney et al . 2011 ) or for a worse metabolic profile ( Sinclair et al . 2007 ) to a greater extent than female offspring. Although sex hormones must be considered as plausible players in sexual dimorphism, particularly in

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/JOE-14-0448
Volume/Issue:
Volume 224: Issue 3
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Fan Yang College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, P. R. China

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Shuang Zhao College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, P. R. China

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Pingqing Wang College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, P. R. China

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Wei Xiang School of Advanced Agriculture and Bioengineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing, P. R. China

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neurons. For example, it has been reported that POMC-specific subtypes drive sexual dimorphism in energy homeostasis ( Burke et al. 2016 , Wang et al. 2018 ). Consistently, in a recent study, Gonza´lez-Garcı´a et al. found that estradiol (E2

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/JOE-23-0079
Volume/Issue:
Volume 258: Issue 3
Free access