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Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Toho University, Chiba, Japan
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Introduction Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is an endogenous hormone mainly synthesised in the vertebrate pineal gland in response to darkness ( Reiter 1991 ) and circulating levels exhibit a conspicuous circadian rhythm ( Reiter
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Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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diurnal effects may influence APP processing in the context of the aforementioned models is unknown. Symptoms in humans suffering from AD include the disruption of their sleep cycle and day time activity. While studies on the circadian rhythm on mice in
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levels in normal humans were identified to have a circadian rhythm and response to fasting and feeding ( Schoeller et al . 1997 ). Furthermore, women had substantially higher levels of leptin, even when adjusted for fat mass ( Rosenbaum et al . 1996
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was evaluated by real-time PCR, basal levels were significantly higher at 12 h (0700 h) than at 2 h (2100 h) after saline treatment, suggesting a circadian rhythm of NMS mRNA levels ( Mori et al . 2005 ). On the other hand, there was no significant
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relationship ( Caixas et al . 2002 , Espelund et al . 2005 ). Although in the same study, Espelund et al . (2005) observed a circadian rhythm in plasma ghrelin, which had a strong negative correlation with plasma cortisol concentrations but was unrelated
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AstraZeneca AG, Zug, Switzerland
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Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences SA, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland
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are produced in a circadian rhythm, and their levels highly increase under stress to maintain homeostasis. The stress response pathway is under the control of the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis in human and the functionally equivalent
INSERM U938, Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, INRA, INSERM U707, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Bâtiment Kourilsky, 184 rue du Faubourg Saint-Antoine, F-75012 Paris, France
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INSERM U938, Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, INRA, INSERM U707, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Bâtiment Kourilsky, 184 rue du Faubourg Saint-Antoine, F-75012 Paris, France
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INSERM U938, Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, INRA, INSERM U707, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Bâtiment Kourilsky, 184 rue du Faubourg Saint-Antoine, F-75012 Paris, France
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INSERM U938, Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, INRA, INSERM U707, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Bâtiment Kourilsky, 184 rue du Faubourg Saint-Antoine, F-75012 Paris, France
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effects of stress and circadian rhythm on circulating GH. We also used rank plot analysis to investigate the GH pattern in bIGF1RKO +/− mice ( Kappeler et al . 2008 ) and found this long-lived mutant had extended trough periods and rarefied peaks
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, enrichment analysis predicted that the circadian rhythm was the only statistically enriched KEGG pathway in the pathological liver from obese individuals compared with controls (corrected P value=0.00076). Belonging to this pathway, Period family genes
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Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), University of Bordeaux, Research Group of Psychoneuroendocrinology, Kraepelinstrasse 2-10, 80804 Munich, Germany
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Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), University of Bordeaux, Research Group of Psychoneuroendocrinology, Kraepelinstrasse 2-10, 80804 Munich, Germany
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Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), University of Bordeaux, Research Group of Psychoneuroendocrinology, Kraepelinstrasse 2-10, 80804 Munich, Germany
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different litters per line. Animals were between 3 and 5 months of age during the experiments. All experiments were performed during the trough of the circadian rhythm of GC secretion (between 0900 and 1200 h, Touma et al . (2009) ) and the order of
Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
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Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
Division of Seasonal Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan
Avian Bioscience Research Center, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
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) Borg B 2010 Phoroperiodism in fishes. In Photoperiodism the Biological Calendar , pp 371 – 398 . Eds Nelson RJ Denlinger DL Somers DE . New York, NY, USA : Oxford University Press . Bünning E 1960 Circadian rhythms and the