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Jaroslav Kuneš Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic

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Veronika Pražienková Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic

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Andrea Popelová Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic

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Barbora Mikulášková Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic

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Jana Zemenová Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czech Republic

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Lenka Maletínská Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic

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(TRH) ( Spuch et al . 2007 ), but itself does not significantly increase prolactin secretion in primary rat pituitary cells ( Samson et al . 1998 ), has suggested that prolactin release is probably not a primary function of PrRP ( Jarry et al . 2000

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/JOE-16-0046
Volume/Issue:
Volume 230: Issue 2
Free access
J Fahrenkrug Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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B Georg Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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J Hannibal Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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H L Jørgensen Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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established ( Rookh et al . 1979 , Jordan et al . 1980 , Ottenweller & Hedge 1982 , Wong et al . 1983 , Kalsbeek et al . 2000 , Guo et al . 2015 ). Nerve fibres originating in the SCN innervating thyroid-releasing hormone (TRH) neurons in the

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/JOE-17-0111
Volume/Issue:
Volume 233: Issue 3
Open access
Jens Mittag Max Planck Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Fritz-Lipmann-Institut, Institute of Biomedicine, Institute for Biochemistry, University of East Anglia, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 7, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
Max Planck Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Fritz-Lipmann-Institut, Institute of Biomedicine, Institute for Biochemistry, University of East Anglia, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 7, D-30625 Hannover, Germany

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Wiebke Oehr Max Planck Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Fritz-Lipmann-Institut, Institute of Biomedicine, Institute for Biochemistry, University of East Anglia, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 7, D-30625 Hannover, Germany

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Heike Heuer Max Planck Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Fritz-Lipmann-Institut, Institute of Biomedicine, Institute for Biochemistry, University of East Anglia, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 7, D-30625 Hannover, Germany

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Tuula Hämäläinen Max Planck Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Fritz-Lipmann-Institut, Institute of Biomedicine, Institute for Biochemistry, University of East Anglia, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 7, D-30625 Hannover, Germany

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Bent Brachvogel Max Planck Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Fritz-Lipmann-Institut, Institute of Biomedicine, Institute for Biochemistry, University of East Anglia, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 7, D-30625 Hannover, Germany

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Ernst Pöschl Max Planck Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Fritz-Lipmann-Institut, Institute of Biomedicine, Institute for Biochemistry, University of East Anglia, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 7, D-30625 Hannover, Germany

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Karl Bauer Max Planck Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Fritz-Lipmann-Institut, Institute of Biomedicine, Institute for Biochemistry, University of East Anglia, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 7, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
Max Planck Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Fritz-Lipmann-Institut, Institute of Biomedicine, Institute for Biochemistry, University of East Anglia, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 7, D-30625 Hannover, Germany

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indicated that A5 not only enhances gonadotropin secretion following stimulation by gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH; Kawaminami et al . 2002 ), but also stimulates basal PRL secretion while counteracting thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH) induced

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1677/JOE-07-0042
Volume/Issue:
Volume 195: Issue 3
Free access

Local control of thyroid hormone action: role of type 2 deiodinase

Deiodinases: the balance of thyroid hormone

Graham R Williams Molecular Endocrinology Group, Department of Medicine and Medical Research Council Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Commonwealth Building 7th Floor, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK

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J H Duncan Bassett Molecular Endocrinology Group, Department of Medicine and Medical Research Council Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Commonwealth Building 7th Floor, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK

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range by a classical negative feedback loop ( Fig. 1 ). Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) is synthesized in the hypothalamic para-ventricular nucleus (PVN) and stimulates synthesis and release of TSH from thyrotroph cells in the anterior pituitary

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/JOE-10-0448
Volume/Issue:
Volume 209: Issue 3
Free access
Jonathan J Nicholls Molecular Endocrinology Group, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Room 7N2b, Commonwealth Building, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK

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Mary Jane Brassill Molecular Endocrinology Group, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Room 7N2b, Commonwealth Building, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK

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Graham R Williams Molecular Endocrinology Group, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Room 7N2b, Commonwealth Building, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK

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J H Duncan Bassett Molecular Endocrinology Group, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Room 7N2b, Commonwealth Building, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK

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). Medial neurons of the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) in the hypothalamus synthesise and secrete thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH), which in turn stimulates the synthesis and secretion of TSH from anterior pituitary thyrotrophs. TSH, acting on the TSH

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/JOE-12-0059
Volume/Issue:
Volume 213: Issue 3
Free access
Alan G Watts Department of Biological Sciences, USC Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, University of Southern California, Hedco Neuroscience Building, MC 2520, Los Angeles, California 90089‐2520, USA

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thyroid-stimulating hormone (TRF/TRH). Those for prolactin (dopamine, a release-inhibiting factor), ACTH (CRF/CRH), and growth hormone (GRF/GHRH and somatostatin) were identified at various times during the following decade. The structures of oxytocin and

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/JOE-15-0157
Volume/Issue:
Volume 226: Issue 2
Free access
Julia N C Toews Department of Cellular & Physiological Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada

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Geoffrey L Hammond Department of Cellular & Physiological Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada

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Victor Viau Department of Cellular & Physiological Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada

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, somatostatin; TRH, thyroxine-releasing hormone; CRH, corticosteroid-releasing hormone; TSH, thyroxine-stimulating hormone; ACTH, adrenocorticotropic hormone; IGF1, insulin-like growth factor 1; SRD5A1, 5α-reductase 1; HSD11B1, 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/JOE-20-0286
Volume/Issue:
Volume 248: Issue 1
Free access
Melody L Allensworth-James Department of Neurobiology and Developmental Sciences, College of Medicine University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA

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Angela Odle Department of Neurobiology and Developmental Sciences, College of Medicine University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA

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Anessa Haney Department of Neurobiology and Developmental Sciences, College of Medicine University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA

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Melanie MacNicol Department of Neurobiology and Developmental Sciences, College of Medicine University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA

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Angus MacNicol Department of Neurobiology and Developmental Sciences, College of Medicine University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA

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Gwen Childs Department of Neurobiology and Developmental Sciences, College of Medicine University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA

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increased numbers of somatotropes just before birth. In addition, thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) also stimulates GH in neonates ( Fink et al. 2012 ). Thus, as inhibitors of GH and their receptors are expressed differentially throughout development, GH

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/JOE-18-0238
Volume/Issue:
Volume 238: Issue 3
Free access
Sayaka Aizawa Area of Regulatory Biology, Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo‐ohkubo, Sakuraku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan

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Takafumi Sakai Area of Regulatory Biology, Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo‐ohkubo, Sakuraku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan

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Ichiro Sakata Area of Regulatory Biology, Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo‐ohkubo, Sakuraku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan

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(Pit-1), TSH-releasing hormone receptor (TRH-R), and thyroid hormone receptor beta 2 (TR-β2; Bockmann et al . 1997 ). In addition, a high density of melatonin-binding sites has been observed in the PT of many species ( Williams & Morgan 1988 , Weaver

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/JOE-11-0388
Volume/Issue:
Volume 212: Issue 3
Free access
Rebecca McGirr Metabolism and Diabetes and Imaging Programs, Departments of Medical Biophysics, Pathology, Medicine, Lawson Health Research Institute, 268 Grosvenor Street, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 4V2

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Leonardo Guizzetti Metabolism and Diabetes and Imaging Programs, Departments of Medical Biophysics, Pathology, Medicine, Lawson Health Research Institute, 268 Grosvenor Street, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 4V2

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Savita Dhanvantari Metabolism and Diabetes and Imaging Programs, Departments of Medical Biophysics, Pathology, Medicine, Lawson Health Research Institute, 268 Grosvenor Street, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 4V2
Metabolism and Diabetes and Imaging Programs, Departments of Medical Biophysics, Pathology, Medicine, Lawson Health Research Institute, 268 Grosvenor Street, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 4V2
Metabolism and Diabetes and Imaging Programs, Departments of Medical Biophysics, Pathology, Medicine, Lawson Health Research Institute, 268 Grosvenor Street, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 4V2
Metabolism and Diabetes and Imaging Programs, Departments of Medical Biophysics, Pathology, Medicine, Lawson Health Research Institute, 268 Grosvenor Street, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 4V2

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. 1996 ). An increase in the sorting efficiency of proglucagon after cleavage at K70R71 in the Golgi would be similar to the observations with prothyrotropin-releasing hormone (pro-TRH), where processing by PC1/3 enhances the sorting of pro-TRH

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/JOE-12-0468
Volume/Issue:
Volume 217: Issue 2
Free access