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Introduction The anterior pituitary gland is composed of five types of hormone-producing cells and the folliculo-stellate cells (FS cells), which do not produce the classical anterior pituitary hormones. In vivo , these cells are surrounded by
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Introduction Pituitary adenomas account for 10–15% of all intracranial tumors. Ninety percent are represented by somatotroph adenomas (growth hormone (GH) secretors), clinically non-functioning adenomas (mainly gonadotroph) and
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Autoantibodies to cell surface antigens of human somatotropinoma (ASAS), human prolactinoma (ASAP) and rat adenohypophysis (ASARA) were assayed in the serum of patients with pituitary diseases associated with GH deficiency (GHD), such as pituitary dwarfism and primary empty sella syndrome (ESS), and in the serum of patients with hyperprolactinaemia of different etiologies: idiopathic hyperprolactinaemia, prolactinoma and ESS. The investigation was carried out with a cellular variant of an ELISA. Among children with GHD, the highest percentage of antibody-positive patients was found in the group with idiopathic isolated GHD (89% of ASAS(+) patients and 30% of ASARA(+) patients vs 33.3% and 0% respectively in the group with idiopathic combined pituitary hormone deficiency, and 33.3% and 9% in patients with pituitary hypoplasia associated with isolated GHD or combined pituitary hormone deficiency). Among hyperprolactinaemic patients, the highest ASAP and ASARA frequency was observed in patients with idiopathic hyperprolactinaemia (67.7% and 41.9% respectively) where it was twice as high as in the group of patients with prolactinoma. The proportion of ASAS(+) and ASARA(+) did not differ significantly between the groups of patients with ess with or without GHD. Similarly, there was no significant difference between the number of ESS ASAP(+) and ASARA(+) patients with or without hyperprolactinaemia. The data obtained suggested that autoimmune disorders may be primary, and responsible, at least in part, for pituitary dysfunction in the cases of idiopathic isolated GHD and idiopathic hyperprolactinaemia. At the same time, the autoimmune disorders in the patients with prolactinoma or ESS are probably secondary to the organic pituitary lesion and their significance in the development of the pituitary dysfunction is obscure.
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Introduction It has been known for decades that stressful situations cause an increase in the activity of the hypothalamo–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, and this has been studied in great detail in mammals ( Vazquez 1998 , Makino et
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Introduction The anterior pituitary gland regulates homeostasis by meticulous adjustment of hormonal secretion. Folliculostellate (FS) cells are present in the anterior pituitary gland but do not secrete classical hormones. Although FS cells are
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in many sites. Both PTHrP and the CaR are expressed in the normal pituitary gland, pituitary tumors, and pituitary cell lines, although their biological function(s) in pituitary cells is not clear ( Ikeda et al . 1988 , Asa et al . 1990 , Fraser
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. Therefore, the model of the ovx rat was chosen, which is a widely used and accepted model to study estrogenic activities. A treatment time of 3 months was selected to determine whether the endocrine regulation of hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis is
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Division of Molecular & Clinical Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee, UK
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Introduction Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterised by the combined occurrence of parathyroid, pituitary and pancreatic islet tumours ( Pieterman et al. 2009 , Goudet et al. 2010
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may play a pivotal role in the modulation of neuroendocrine interactions. There is some evidence to suggest that SOCS-3 has important functions within the pituitary. In adrenocorticotrophs, SOCS-3 has been shown to be a potent feedback inhibitor of
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( Decuypere et al . 1990 ). THs are known to play an important role in controlling their own secretion through feedback effects acting on the different levels of the hypothalamo–pituitary–thyroidal (HPT) axis. In birds, information on TH feedback is scarce