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studies as being linked to the development and/or regression of the X-zone. Sex steroid hormones The sexual dimorphism of X-zone regression suggests a possible role of sex steroid hormones on inner cortical cells. In male mice, castration increases
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Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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into E2 was required remained debated (see discussion in the ‘Replacement and pharmacological studies in adult rodents’ section). Physical activity is a sexually dimorphic trait in rodents ( Eikelboom & Mills 1988 ), with females being more active than
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al . 2011 a ), as well sexual dimorphism in the golden hamster gland ( McMasters & Hoffman 1984 , Santillo et al . 2008 , Coto-Montes et al . 2009 ). Furthermore, significant evidence suggests that this gland is a target for thyroid hormones (TH
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sexual differences may be easily reversed by changes in sex hormones; castration of adult males increases the intraglandular content of these pigments, and administration of androgens to adult females decreases their intraglandular content ( Hoffman
Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
Department of Biochemistry and the Environmental Science Programme, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
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Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
Department of Biochemistry and the Environmental Science Programme, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
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Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
Department of Biochemistry and the Environmental Science Programme, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
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Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
Department of Biochemistry and the Environmental Science Programme, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
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Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
Department of Biochemistry and the Environmental Science Programme, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
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Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
Department of Biochemistry and the Environmental Science Programme, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
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Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
Department of Biochemistry and the Environmental Science Programme, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
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Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
Department of Biochemistry and the Environmental Science Programme, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
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Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
Department of Biochemistry and the Environmental Science Programme, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
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Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
Department of Biochemistry and the Environmental Science Programme, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
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Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
Department of Biochemistry and the Environmental Science Programme, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
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Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
Department of Biochemistry and the Environmental Science Programme, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
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Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
Department of Biochemistry and the Environmental Science Programme, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
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melanocortin-3 receptor mRNA expression in mouse pituitary glands in vivo and in vitro . Neuroendocrinology 80 143 –151. Melo AC & Ramsdell JS 2001 Sexual dimorphism of brain aromatase activity in medaka: induction of a
Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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Institute for Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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different peripheral tissues, distinct AR-mediated effects on glucocorticoid regulation thus underlie the reduced GR-regulated transcriptional activity. Sexual dimorphism exists in metabolic processes and affects incidence of metabolic disease. For example
Prince Henry's Institute, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bayer Pharma AG, Florey Neuroscience Institutes, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia Departments of
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Prince Henry's Institute, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bayer Pharma AG, Florey Neuroscience Institutes, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia Departments of
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Prince Henry's Institute, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bayer Pharma AG, Florey Neuroscience Institutes, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia Departments of
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Lucier GW 1983 Hepatic estrogen responsiveness. Possible mechanisms for sexual dimorphism . Molecular Pharmacology 24 69 – 76 . Völzke H Schwarz S Baumeister SE Wallaschofski H Schwahn C Grabe HJ Kohlmann T John U Dören M
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Division of Endocrinology, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Urology and Pathology, Departments of Craniofacial Biology and Microbiology and Immunology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA
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Division of Endocrinology, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Urology and Pathology, Departments of Craniofacial Biology and Microbiology and Immunology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA
Division of Endocrinology, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Urology and Pathology, Departments of Craniofacial Biology and Microbiology and Immunology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA
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sexual dimorphism is not just the end result of differences in sex steroid secretion between the sexes, but depends on gender differences in GH–insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) and mechanical sensitivity to loading as well ( Callewaert et al . 2010
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Department of Medicine, Case Cardiovascular Institute Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Sex Hormone Research Center, China Medical University/Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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differences in stroke epidemiology: a systematic review . Stroke 40 1082 – 1090 . ( doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.108.540781 ) Ashton N Balment RJ 1991 Sexual dimorphism in renal function and hormonal status of New Zealand genetically hypertensive
Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco No. 186, Mexico City 09340, México
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Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco No. 186, Mexico City 09340, México
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Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco No. 186, Mexico City 09340, México
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Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco No. 186, Mexico City 09340, México
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factors ( Bianco et al. 2002 , Kohrle 2002 ). Hepatic D1 activity is higher in male than in female rats ( Harris et al. 1979 ); although the mechanisms have not been completely elucidated, the participation of testosterone in this sexual dimorphism