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Rui Song Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, USA

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Xiang-Qun Hu Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, USA

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Lubo Zhang Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, USA

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Introduction Glucocorticoids are a class of corticosteroids and are chiefly produced in the zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex. These steroid hormones are crucial endocrine regulators of body functions in homeostasis and adaptation to

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/JOE-18-0672
Volume/Issue:
Volume 242: Issue 1
Free access
Kevin H Tsai ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

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Mark S Cooper ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

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Introduction Despite the introduction of a range of biological therapies aimed at specific aspects of the immune response, glucocorticoids are still widely used for their broad and potent therapeutic effects. Despite considerable efforts in

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/JOE-22-0289
Volume/Issue:
Volume 258: Issue 3
Free access
Louise Grahnemo Departments of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 480, Gothenburg 405 30, Sweden

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Caroline Jochems Departments of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 480, Gothenburg 405 30, Sweden
Departments of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 480, Gothenburg 405 30, Sweden

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Annica Andersson Departments of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 480, Gothenburg 405 30, Sweden

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Cecilia Engdahl Departments of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 480, Gothenburg 405 30, Sweden
Departments of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 480, Gothenburg 405 30, Sweden

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Claes Ohlsson Departments of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 480, Gothenburg 405 30, Sweden

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Ulrika Islander Departments of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 480, Gothenburg 405 30, Sweden

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Hans Carlsten Departments of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 480, Gothenburg 405 30, Sweden

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Introduction Glucocorticoids are frequently used for the treatment of noninfectious and autoimmune inflammation as, amongst other mechanisms, they can suppress lymphocytes ( Chantler et al . 2003 , Busillo & Cidlowski 2013 ). Prolonged use of

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/JOE-14-0508
Volume/Issue:
Volume 224: Issue 1
Open access
Ana Tiganescu Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, 1700 Owens Street, San Francisco, California 94158, USA

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Melanie Hupe Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, 1700 Owens Street, San Francisco, California 94158, USA

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Yoshikazu Uchida Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, 1700 Owens Street, San Francisco, California 94158, USA

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Theodora Mauro Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, 1700 Owens Street, San Francisco, California 94158, USA

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Peter M Elias Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, 1700 Owens Street, San Francisco, California 94158, USA

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Walter M Holleran Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, 1700 Owens Street, San Francisco, California 94158, USA

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Introduction Glucocorticoid (GC) excess, whether of endogenous (e.g., Cushing's syndrome, stress) or exogenous (e.g., topical or systemic therapy) origin, adversely affects multiple elements of wound healing, causing prolonged discomfort and

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/JOE-13-0420
Volume/Issue:
Volume 221: Issue 1
Free access
Stuart A Morgan Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, Institute of Biomedical Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
Centre for Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK

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Zaki K Hassan-Smith Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, Institute of Biomedical Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
Centre for Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK

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Craig L Doig Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, Institute of Biomedical Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
Centre for Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK

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Mark Sherlock Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, Institute of Biomedical Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
Centre for Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK

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Paul M Stewart Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, Institute of Biomedical Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
Centre for Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
School of Medicine, Worsley Building, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK

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Gareth G Lavery Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, Institute of Biomedical Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
Centre for Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK

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Introduction The pathophysiological effects of glucocorticoids (GCs) are well described and impact upon almost all organ systems within the body. This is highlighted in patients with GC excess, Cushing’s syndrome, characterized by central

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/JOE-16-0011
Volume/Issue:
Volume 229: Issue 3
Free access
Rick van der Geest Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden, The Netherlands

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Ronald J van der Sluis Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden, The Netherlands

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Albert K Groen Departments of Pediatrics and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

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Miranda Van Eck Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden, The Netherlands

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Menno Hoekstra Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden, The Netherlands

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Introduction Glucocorticoids, members of the steroid hormone superfamily, are secreted into the bloodstream by the adrenals in response to stress-induced activation of the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal axis. Through an interaction with their

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/JOE-19-0079
Volume/Issue:
Volume 242: Issue 2
Free access
S Khan Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK

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D E W Livingstone Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
Centre for Discovery Brain Science, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, Edinburgh, UK

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A Zielinska College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK

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C L Doig Department of Biosciences, School of Science & Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK

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D F Cobice Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK

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C L Esteves Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK

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J T Y Man Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK

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N Z M Homer Mass Spectrometry Core Laboratory, Edinburgh Clinical Research Facility, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK

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J R Seckl Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK

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C L MacKay SIRCAMS, School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, King's Buildings, Edinburgh, UK

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S P Webster Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK

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G G Lavery Department of Biosciences, School of Science & Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK

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K E Chapman Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK

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B R Walker Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
Clinical & Translational Research Institute, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK

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R Andrew Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
Mass Spectrometry Core Laboratory, Edinburgh Clinical Research Facility, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK

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Introduction 11β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 (11βHSD1) generates active 11-hydroxy glucocorticoids (cortisol (human), corticosterone (rodent and human)) from intrinsically inert 11-keto steroids (cortisone, 11-dehydrocorticosterone (11DHC

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/JOE-23-0034
Volume/Issue:
Volume 258: Issue 3
Open access
Nicole Davies
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Amber Gillett School of Biomedical Sciences, Australia Zoo Wildlife Hospital, Landscape Ecology and Conservation Group, Office of Environment and Heritage NSW, School of Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia

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Clive McAlpine School of Biomedical Sciences, Australia Zoo Wildlife Hospital, Landscape Ecology and Conservation Group, Office of Environment and Heritage NSW, School of Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia

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Leonie Seabrook School of Biomedical Sciences, Australia Zoo Wildlife Hospital, Landscape Ecology and Conservation Group, Office of Environment and Heritage NSW, School of Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia

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Greg Baxter School of Biomedical Sciences, Australia Zoo Wildlife Hospital, Landscape Ecology and Conservation Group, Office of Environment and Heritage NSW, School of Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia

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Daniel Lunney School of Biomedical Sciences, Australia Zoo Wildlife Hospital, Landscape Ecology and Conservation Group, Office of Environment and Heritage NSW, School of Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
School of Biomedical Sciences, Australia Zoo Wildlife Hospital, Landscape Ecology and Conservation Group, Office of Environment and Heritage NSW, School of Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia

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Adrian Bradley
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release of glucocorticoid (GC) hormones (mainly cortisol or corticosterone in mammals) by the adrenal cortex ( Seyle 1935 , Axelrod & Reisine 1984 , Mostl & Palme 2002 , Stewart 2003 ). Short-term GC secretions, resulting from acute stress (e

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/JOE-13-0123
Volume/Issue:
Volume 219: Issue 1
Free access
Liselotte Fransson Department of Clinical Science and Education, Division of Drug Research, Center of Medical Image Science and Visualization, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, SE-118 83 Stockholm, Sweden

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Stephanie Franzén Department of Clinical Science and Education, Division of Drug Research, Center of Medical Image Science and Visualization, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, SE-118 83 Stockholm, Sweden
Department of Clinical Science and Education, Division of Drug Research, Center of Medical Image Science and Visualization, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, SE-118 83 Stockholm, Sweden

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Victoria Rosengren Department of Clinical Science and Education, Division of Drug Research, Center of Medical Image Science and Visualization, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, SE-118 83 Stockholm, Sweden

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Petra Wolbert Department of Clinical Science and Education, Division of Drug Research, Center of Medical Image Science and Visualization, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, SE-118 83 Stockholm, Sweden

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Åke Sjöholm Department of Clinical Science and Education, Division of Drug Research, Center of Medical Image Science and Visualization, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, SE-118 83 Stockholm, Sweden
Department of Clinical Science and Education, Division of Drug Research, Center of Medical Image Science and Visualization, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, SE-118 83 Stockholm, Sweden

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Henrik Ortsäter Department of Clinical Science and Education, Division of Drug Research, Center of Medical Image Science and Visualization, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, SE-118 83 Stockholm, Sweden

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Introduction Glucocorticoid (GC) hormones, like cortisol, are produced and released from the zona fasciculata of the adrenal gland under the control of a prototypic neuroendocrine feedback system of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis. GCs

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/JOE-13-0189
Volume/Issue:
Volume 219: Issue 3
Free access
Dawn E W Livingstone University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
Centre for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK

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Emma M Di Rollo University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK

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Tracy C-S Mak University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK

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Karen Sooy University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK

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Brian R Walker University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK

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Ruth Andrew University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK

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types 1 and 2 being best characterised ( Godoy et al. 2011 ). The 5α-dihydro metabolite (DHT) is a more potent androgen than testosterone. The 3α,5α-metabolites of glucocorticoids retain some anti-inflammatory properties of the original steroid

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/JOE-16-0125
Volume/Issue:
Volume 232: Issue 1
Open access