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Caiyun Sun State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 135, XinGang West Road, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China

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Da Duan State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 135, XinGang West Road, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China

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Bo Li State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 135, XinGang West Road, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China

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Chaobin Qin State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 135, XinGang West Road, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China

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Jirong Jia State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 135, XinGang West Road, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China

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Bin Wang State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 135, XinGang West Road, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China

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Haiyan Dong State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 135, XinGang West Road, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China

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Wensheng Li State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 135, XinGang West Road, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China

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. 2006 ); ii) hUII is an autocrine/paracrine growth factor in porcine renal epithelial cells ( Matsushita et al . 2003 ) and involved in the pathogenesis of vascular remodeling ( Zhang et al . 2008 ); and iii) UII can stimulate the proliferation of

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Almas R Juma Department of Physiology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Department of Human Genetics, Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia

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Pauliina E Damdimopoulou Department of Physiology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Department of Human Genetics, Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia

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Sylvia V H Grommen Department of Physiology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Department of Human Genetics, Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia

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Wim J M Van de Ven Department of Physiology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Department of Human Genetics, Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia

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Bert De Groef Department of Physiology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Department of Human Genetics, Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia

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PLAG1 in the endocrine systems coordinating growth and reproduction in particular. Molecular biology of PLAG1 Gene and protein structure of PLAG1 The PLAG1 gene is located on human chromosome 8q12. Although the predominant PLAG1 transcript is 7.3 kb

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Claire L Wood Division of Developmental Biology, Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK

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Ondrej Soucek Department of Paediatrics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet and Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden

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Sze C Wong Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK

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Farasat Zaman Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet and Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden

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Colin Farquharson Division of Developmental Biology, Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK

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Lars Savendahl Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet and Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden

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S Faisal Ahmed Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK

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-induced osteoporosis (GIO) and growth retardation. Osteoporosis is characterized by a reduction in bone mass and loss of bone microarchitecture, leading to impaired bone strength and increased fracture risk ( Reinwald & Burr 2008 ). GIO is the most prevalent type of

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Alexander Hennebry AgResearch Ltd, Hamilton, New Zealand

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Jenny Oldham AgResearch Ltd, Hamilton, New Zealand

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Tea Shavlakadze School of Anatomy, Physiology & Human Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia

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Miranda D Grounds School of Anatomy, Physiology & Human Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia

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Philip Sheard Department of Physiology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand

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Marta L Fiorotto USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA

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Shelley Falconer AgResearch Ltd, Hamilton, New Zealand

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Heather K Smith Department of Exercise Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand

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Carole Berry AgResearch Ltd, Hamilton, New Zealand

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Ferenc Jeanplong AgResearch Ltd, Hamilton, New Zealand

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Jeremy Bracegirdle AgResearch Ltd, Hamilton, New Zealand

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Kenneth Matthews AgResearch Ltd, Hamilton, New Zealand

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Gina Nicholas AgResearch Ltd, Hamilton, New Zealand

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Mônica Senna-Salerno AgResearch Ltd, Hamilton, New Zealand

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Trevor Watson AgResearch Ltd, Hamilton, New Zealand

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Christopher D McMahon AgResearch Ltd, Hamilton, New Zealand

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Introduction Two factors play critical but opposing roles in regulating the growth and size of skeletal muscle. The growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor-1 (GH-IGF1) axis stimulates growth and accounts for 83% of postnatal growth and the

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Julian C Lui Section on Growth and Development, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA

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Introduction Longitudinal bone growth is driven by a process called endochondral ossification, in which growing cartilage is gradually remodeled into newly formed bone ( Kronenberg 2003 ). During embryonic development, this process begins with

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Ryoko Yamamoto Orthodontics and Craniofacial Developmental Biology, Oral Growth and Developmental Biology, Department of Molecular Genetics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan

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Tomoko Minamizaki Orthodontics and Craniofacial Developmental Biology, Oral Growth and Developmental Biology, Department of Molecular Genetics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan

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Yuji Yoshiko Orthodontics and Craniofacial Developmental Biology, Oral Growth and Developmental Biology, Department of Molecular Genetics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan

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Hirotaka Yoshioka Orthodontics and Craniofacial Developmental Biology, Oral Growth and Developmental Biology, Department of Molecular Genetics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan

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Kazuo Tanne Orthodontics and Craniofacial Developmental Biology, Oral Growth and Developmental Biology, Department of Molecular Genetics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan

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Jane E Aubin Orthodontics and Craniofacial Developmental Biology, Oral Growth and Developmental Biology, Department of Molecular Genetics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan

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Norihiko Maeda Orthodontics and Craniofacial Developmental Biology, Oral Growth and Developmental Biology, Department of Molecular Genetics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan

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-resistant rickets suggest the existence of additional phosphaturic factor(s). Recently, intensive studies of several such putative factors (e.g. matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein, dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1), and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) have

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Patricia Forcinito
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Anenisia C Andrade Developmental Endocrinology Branch, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, CRC, Room 1-3330, 10 Center Drive, MSC-1103, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1103, USA

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Gabriela P Finkielstain
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Jeffrey Baron
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Ola Nilsson Developmental Endocrinology Branch, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, CRC, Room 1-3330, 10 Center Drive, MSC-1103, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1103, USA

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Julian C Lui
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Introduction Mammalian body length is primarily determined by longitudinal bone growth that occurs at the growth plate, which is a thin layer of cartilage found near the ends of long bones. The process of longitudinal bone growth occurs by

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Alfonso Saera-Vila Instituto de Acuicultura de Torre la Sal (CSIC), Fish Nutrition and Growth Endocrinology, Ribera de Cabanes, 12595 Castellón, Spain

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Josep Alvar Calduch-Giner Instituto de Acuicultura de Torre la Sal (CSIC), Fish Nutrition and Growth Endocrinology, Ribera de Cabanes, 12595 Castellón, Spain

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Jaume Pérez-Sánchez Instituto de Acuicultura de Torre la Sal (CSIC), Fish Nutrition and Growth Endocrinology, Ribera de Cabanes, 12595 Castellón, Spain

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Introduction Biological actions of growth hormone (GH) are initiated by binding to specific receptors (GH receptors; GHRs) localized on the cell surface membrane of central and peripheral target tissues. These GHRs belong to the

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John A H Wass Department of Endocrinology, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford, Old Road, Headington, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK

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Raghava Reddy Department of Endocrinology, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford, Old Road, Headington, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK

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Introduction Much has been written about the effects of growth hormone (GH) replacement therapy in GH-deficient human subjects on growth, body composition, cardiovascular risk factors, bone and muscle development and quality of life. When properly

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Harleen Kaur Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia

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Beverly S Muhlhausler CSIRO Nutrition and Health, Adelaide, Australia

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Claire T Roberts Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia

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Kathryn L Gatford Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia

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Introduction The GH–IGF axis is essential for growth and development before and after birth and has important anabolic and metabolic functions in adults. Its role during pregnancy has been less understood and is the primary focus of this

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