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Elena Maneschi
Elena Maneschi
Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, Department of Anatomy, Interdepartmental Laboratory of Functional and Cellular Pharmacology of Reproduction, Department of Hematology, Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Scientific Affairs Men's Healthcare, Department of Clinical Physiopathology
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Annamaria Morelli
Annamaria Morelli
Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, Department of Anatomy, Interdepartmental Laboratory of Functional and Cellular Pharmacology of Reproduction, Department of Hematology, Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Scientific Affairs Men's Healthcare, Department of Clinical Physiopathology
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Sandra Filippi
Sandra Filippi
Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, Department of Anatomy, Interdepartmental Laboratory of Functional and Cellular Pharmacology of Reproduction, Department of Hematology, Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Scientific Affairs Men's Healthcare, Department of Clinical Physiopathology
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Ilaria Cellai
Ilaria Cellai
Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, Department of Anatomy, Interdepartmental Laboratory of Functional and Cellular Pharmacology of Reproduction, Department of Hematology, Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Scientific Affairs Men's Healthcare, Department of Clinical Physiopathology
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Paolo Comeglio
Paolo Comeglio
Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, Department of Anatomy, Interdepartmental Laboratory of Functional and Cellular Pharmacology of Reproduction, Department of Hematology, Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Scientific Affairs Men's Healthcare, Department of Clinical Physiopathology
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Benedetta Mazzanti
Benedetta Mazzanti
Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, Department of Anatomy, Interdepartmental Laboratory of Functional and Cellular Pharmacology of Reproduction, Department of Hematology, Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Scientific Affairs Men's Healthcare, Department of Clinical Physiopathology
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Tommaso Mello
Tommaso Mello
Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, Department of Anatomy, Interdepartmental Laboratory of Functional and Cellular Pharmacology of Reproduction, Department of Hematology, Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Scientific Affairs Men's Healthcare, Department of Clinical Physiopathology
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Alessandra Calcagno
Alessandra Calcagno
Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, Department of Anatomy, Interdepartmental Laboratory of Functional and Cellular Pharmacology of Reproduction, Department of Hematology, Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Scientific Affairs Men's Healthcare, Department of Clinical Physiopathology
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Erica Sarchielli
Erica Sarchielli
Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, Department of Anatomy, Interdepartmental Laboratory of Functional and Cellular Pharmacology of Reproduction, Department of Hematology, Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Scientific Affairs Men's Healthcare, Department of Clinical Physiopathology
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Linda Vignozzi
Linda Vignozzi
Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, Department of Anatomy, Interdepartmental Laboratory of Functional and Cellular Pharmacology of Reproduction, Department of Hematology, Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Scientific Affairs Men's Healthcare, Department of Clinical Physiopathology
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Farid Saad
Farid Saad
Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, Department of Anatomy, Interdepartmental Laboratory of Functional and Cellular Pharmacology of Reproduction, Department of Hematology, Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Scientific Affairs Men's Healthcare, Department of Clinical Physiopathology
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Roberto Vettor
Roberto Vettor
Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, Department of Anatomy, Interdepartmental Laboratory of Functional and Cellular Pharmacology of Reproduction, Department of Hematology, Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Scientific Affairs Men's Healthcare, Department of Clinical Physiopathology
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Gabriella B Vannelli
Gabriella B Vannelli
Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, Department of Anatomy, Interdepartmental Laboratory of Functional and Cellular Pharmacology of Reproduction, Department of Hematology, Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Scientific Affairs Men's Healthcare, Department of Clinical Physiopathology
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Mario Maggi
Mario Maggi
Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, Department of Anatomy, Interdepartmental Laboratory of Functional and Cellular Pharmacology of Reproduction, Department of Hematology, Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Scientific Affairs Men's Healthcare, Department of Clinical Physiopathology
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often referred to as metabolic syndrome (MetS), which has been recognized to be a complication of adipose tissue dysfunction. It is well known that the main biological function of adipose tissue is to manage lipid storage providing both long-term and
Shaodong Guo
Shaodong Guo
Division of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Scott & White, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, 1901 South 1st Street, Bldg. 205, Temple, Texas 76504, USA
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abnormalities tightly correlates with cardiovascular dysfunction, resulting in high morbidity and mortality rates ( Reaven 2005 a ). The term ‘metabolic syndrome’ has been adopted ( Reaven 1988 , DeFronzo & Ferrannini 1991 , Kahn et al . 2005 ) and the
Yun Wang
Yun Wang
The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, Maine 04609, USA
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Yue Zheng
Yue Zheng
The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, Maine 04609, USA
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Patsy M Nishina
Patsy M Nishina
The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, Maine 04609, USA
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Jürgen K Naggert
Jürgen K Naggert
The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, Maine 04609, USA
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Introduction The term ‘metabolic syndrome’ (MS) is used to describe the simultaneous occurrence of obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. This syndrome is emerging as one of the major medical and public health problems both in
Liselotte Fransson
Liselotte Fransson
Department of Clinical Science and Education, Division of Drug Research, Center of Medical Image Science and Visualization, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, SE-118 83 Stockholm, Sweden
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Stephanie Franzén
Stephanie Franzén
Department of Clinical Science and Education, Division of Drug Research, Center of Medical Image Science and Visualization, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, SE-118 83 Stockholm, Sweden
Department of Clinical Science and Education, Division of Drug Research, Center of Medical Image Science and Visualization, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, SE-118 83 Stockholm, Sweden
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Department of Clinical Science and Education, Division of Drug Research, Center of Medical Image Science and Visualization, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, SE-118 83 Stockholm, Sweden
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Victoria Rosengren
Victoria Rosengren
Department of Clinical Science and Education, Division of Drug Research, Center of Medical Image Science and Visualization, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, SE-118 83 Stockholm, Sweden
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Petra Wolbert
Petra Wolbert
Department of Clinical Science and Education, Division of Drug Research, Center of Medical Image Science and Visualization, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, SE-118 83 Stockholm, Sweden
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Åke Sjöholm
Åke Sjöholm
Department of Clinical Science and Education, Division of Drug Research, Center of Medical Image Science and Visualization, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, SE-118 83 Stockholm, Sweden
Department of Clinical Science and Education, Division of Drug Research, Center of Medical Image Science and Visualization, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, SE-118 83 Stockholm, Sweden
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Department of Clinical Science and Education, Division of Drug Research, Center of Medical Image Science and Visualization, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, SE-118 83 Stockholm, Sweden
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Henrik Ortsäter
Henrik Ortsäter
Department of Clinical Science and Education, Division of Drug Research, Center of Medical Image Science and Visualization, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, SE-118 83 Stockholm, Sweden
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) and in patients prescribed GC-based therapy for immunomodulatory purposes ( Raul Ariza-Andraca et al . 1998 , Gulliford et al . 2006 ). In addition, hypercortisolemic conditions share many characteristics with the metabolic syndrome ( Anagnostis et
Alessandra Bitto
Alessandra Bitto
Section of Pharmacology, Section of Pharmacology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Messina, Torre Biologica 5th floor, c/o AOU Policlinico G. Martino, Via C. Valeria Gazzi, 98125 Messina, Italy
Section of Pharmacology, Section of Pharmacology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Messina, Torre Biologica 5th floor, c/o AOU Policlinico G. Martino, Via C. Valeria Gazzi, 98125 Messina, Italy
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Section of Pharmacology, Section of Pharmacology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Messina, Torre Biologica 5th floor, c/o AOU Policlinico G. Martino, Via C. Valeria Gazzi, 98125 Messina, Italy
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Domenica Altavilla
Domenica Altavilla
Section of Pharmacology, Section of Pharmacology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Messina, Torre Biologica 5th floor, c/o AOU Policlinico G. Martino, Via C. Valeria Gazzi, 98125 Messina, Italy
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Antonio Bonaiuto
Antonio Bonaiuto
Section of Pharmacology, Section of Pharmacology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Messina, Torre Biologica 5th floor, c/o AOU Policlinico G. Martino, Via C. Valeria Gazzi, 98125 Messina, Italy
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Francesca Polito
Francesca Polito
Section of Pharmacology, Section of Pharmacology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Messina, Torre Biologica 5th floor, c/o AOU Policlinico G. Martino, Via C. Valeria Gazzi, 98125 Messina, Italy
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Letteria Minutoli
Letteria Minutoli
Section of Pharmacology, Section of Pharmacology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Messina, Torre Biologica 5th floor, c/o AOU Policlinico G. Martino, Via C. Valeria Gazzi, 98125 Messina, Italy
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Vincenzo Di Stefano
Vincenzo Di Stefano
Section of Pharmacology, Section of Pharmacology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Messina, Torre Biologica 5th floor, c/o AOU Policlinico G. Martino, Via C. Valeria Gazzi, 98125 Messina, Italy
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Daniela Giuliani
Daniela Giuliani
Section of Pharmacology, Section of Pharmacology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Messina, Torre Biologica 5th floor, c/o AOU Policlinico G. Martino, Via C. Valeria Gazzi, 98125 Messina, Italy
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Salvatore Guarini
Salvatore Guarini
Section of Pharmacology, Section of Pharmacology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Messina, Torre Biologica 5th floor, c/o AOU Policlinico G. Martino, Via C. Valeria Gazzi, 98125 Messina, Italy
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Vincenzo Arcoraci
Vincenzo Arcoraci
Section of Pharmacology, Section of Pharmacology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Messina, Torre Biologica 5th floor, c/o AOU Policlinico G. Martino, Via C. Valeria Gazzi, 98125 Messina, Italy
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Francesco Squadrito
Francesco Squadrito
Section of Pharmacology, Section of Pharmacology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Messina, Torre Biologica 5th floor, c/o AOU Policlinico G. Martino, Via C. Valeria Gazzi, 98125 Messina, Italy
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Introduction The metabolic syndrome consists of a combination of risk factors that include abdominal obesity, atherogenic dyslipidemia, hypertension, and insulin resistance. It increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes
David P Macfarlane
David P Macfarlane
Endocrinology Unit, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, Scotland, UK
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Shareen Forbes
Shareen Forbes
Endocrinology Unit, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, Scotland, UK
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Brian R Walker
Brian R Walker
Endocrinology Unit, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, Scotland, UK
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-Smith et al . 1989 ). This pattern of central fat accumulation, associated with glucose intolerance and hypertension, results in remarkable similarities between the clinical features of Cushing's syndrome and those of the metabolic syndrome ( Reaven
Liisa Ailanen
Liisa Ailanen
Institute of Biomedicine and Turku Center for Disease Modelling; Drug Research Doctoral Program, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Suvi T Ruohonen
Suvi T Ruohonen
Institute of Biomedicine and Turku Center for Disease Modelling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Laura H Vähätalo
Laura H Vähätalo
Institute of Biomedicine and Turku Center for Disease Modelling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Katja Tuomainen
Katja Tuomainen
Institute of Biomedicine and Turku Center for Disease Modelling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Kim Eerola
Kim Eerola
Institute of Biomedicine and Turku Center for Disease Modelling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Henriikka Salomäki-Myftari
Henriikka Salomäki-Myftari
Institute of Biomedicine and Turku Center for Disease Modelling; Drug Research Doctoral Program, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Matias Röyttä
Matias Röyttä
Department of Pathology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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Asta Laiho
Asta Laiho
Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
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Markku Ahotupa
Markku Ahotupa
Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Helena Gylling
Helena Gylling
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Eriika Savontaus
Eriika Savontaus
Institute of Biomedicine and Turku Center for Disease Modelling, University of Turku; Turku University Hospital, Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Turku, Finland
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gain-of-function polymorphism in NPY gene (rs16139, p.L7P), which increases NPY secretion especially upon sympathetic activation (Kallio et al. 2001, Mitchell et al. 2008), has been associated with traits of the metabolic syndrome, i.e. weight
Daniel M Kelly
Daniel M Kelly
Department of Human Metabolism, Robert Hague Centre for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Medical School, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
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T Hugh Jones
T Hugh Jones
Department of Human Metabolism, Robert Hague Centre for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Medical School, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
Department of Human Metabolism, Robert Hague Centre for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Medical School, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
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Department of Human Metabolism, Robert Hague Centre for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Medical School, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
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Introduction There has been an alarming increase, of epidemic proportions, in both obesity and diabetes in the general population with increased cardiovascular risk associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and/or metabolic syndrome (MetS
Linda Vignozzi
Linda Vignozzi
Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, CIRMAR (Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca sulle basi molecolari della Malattie della Riproduzione), Department of Anatomy, Interdepartmental Laboratory of Functional and Cellular Pharmacology of Reproduction, Department of Urology, Immunoallergology Unit, Scientific Affairs Men's Healthcare, Gulf Medical University, Intercept Pharmaceuticals Italia Srl, Department of Clinical Physiopathology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, Florence 50139, Italy
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Annamaria Morelli
Annamaria Morelli
Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, CIRMAR (Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca sulle basi molecolari della Malattie della Riproduzione), Department of Anatomy, Interdepartmental Laboratory of Functional and Cellular Pharmacology of Reproduction, Department of Urology, Immunoallergology Unit, Scientific Affairs Men's Healthcare, Gulf Medical University, Intercept Pharmaceuticals Italia Srl, Department of Clinical Physiopathology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, Florence 50139, Italy
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Erica Sarchielli
Erica Sarchielli
Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, CIRMAR (Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca sulle basi molecolari della Malattie della Riproduzione), Department of Anatomy, Interdepartmental Laboratory of Functional and Cellular Pharmacology of Reproduction, Department of Urology, Immunoallergology Unit, Scientific Affairs Men's Healthcare, Gulf Medical University, Intercept Pharmaceuticals Italia Srl, Department of Clinical Physiopathology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, Florence 50139, Italy
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Paolo Comeglio
Paolo Comeglio
Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, CIRMAR (Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca sulle basi molecolari della Malattie della Riproduzione), Department of Anatomy, Interdepartmental Laboratory of Functional and Cellular Pharmacology of Reproduction, Department of Urology, Immunoallergology Unit, Scientific Affairs Men's Healthcare, Gulf Medical University, Intercept Pharmaceuticals Italia Srl, Department of Clinical Physiopathology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, Florence 50139, Italy
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Sandra Filippi
Sandra Filippi
Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, CIRMAR (Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca sulle basi molecolari della Malattie della Riproduzione), Department of Anatomy, Interdepartmental Laboratory of Functional and Cellular Pharmacology of Reproduction, Department of Urology, Immunoallergology Unit, Scientific Affairs Men's Healthcare, Gulf Medical University, Intercept Pharmaceuticals Italia Srl, Department of Clinical Physiopathology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, Florence 50139, Italy
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Ilaria Cellai
Ilaria Cellai
Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, CIRMAR (Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca sulle basi molecolari della Malattie della Riproduzione), Department of Anatomy, Interdepartmental Laboratory of Functional and Cellular Pharmacology of Reproduction, Department of Urology, Immunoallergology Unit, Scientific Affairs Men's Healthcare, Gulf Medical University, Intercept Pharmaceuticals Italia Srl, Department of Clinical Physiopathology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, Florence 50139, Italy
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Elena Maneschi
Elena Maneschi
Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, CIRMAR (Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca sulle basi molecolari della Malattie della Riproduzione), Department of Anatomy, Interdepartmental Laboratory of Functional and Cellular Pharmacology of Reproduction, Department of Urology, Immunoallergology Unit, Scientific Affairs Men's Healthcare, Gulf Medical University, Intercept Pharmaceuticals Italia Srl, Department of Clinical Physiopathology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, Florence 50139, Italy
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Sergio Serni
Sergio Serni
Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, CIRMAR (Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca sulle basi molecolari della Malattie della Riproduzione), Department of Anatomy, Interdepartmental Laboratory of Functional and Cellular Pharmacology of Reproduction, Department of Urology, Immunoallergology Unit, Scientific Affairs Men's Healthcare, Gulf Medical University, Intercept Pharmaceuticals Italia Srl, Department of Clinical Physiopathology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, Florence 50139, Italy
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Mauro Gacci
Mauro Gacci
Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, CIRMAR (Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca sulle basi molecolari della Malattie della Riproduzione), Department of Anatomy, Interdepartmental Laboratory of Functional and Cellular Pharmacology of Reproduction, Department of Urology, Immunoallergology Unit, Scientific Affairs Men's Healthcare, Gulf Medical University, Intercept Pharmaceuticals Italia Srl, Department of Clinical Physiopathology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, Florence 50139, Italy
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Marco Carini
Marco Carini
Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, CIRMAR (Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca sulle basi molecolari della Malattie della Riproduzione), Department of Anatomy, Interdepartmental Laboratory of Functional and Cellular Pharmacology of Reproduction, Department of Urology, Immunoallergology Unit, Scientific Affairs Men's Healthcare, Gulf Medical University, Intercept Pharmaceuticals Italia Srl, Department of Clinical Physiopathology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, Florence 50139, Italy
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Marie-Pierre Piccinni
Marie-Pierre Piccinni
Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, CIRMAR (Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca sulle basi molecolari della Malattie della Riproduzione), Department of Anatomy, Interdepartmental Laboratory of Functional and Cellular Pharmacology of Reproduction, Department of Urology, Immunoallergology Unit, Scientific Affairs Men's Healthcare, Gulf Medical University, Intercept Pharmaceuticals Italia Srl, Department of Clinical Physiopathology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, Florence 50139, Italy
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Farid Saad
Farid Saad
Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, CIRMAR (Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca sulle basi molecolari della Malattie della Riproduzione), Department of Anatomy, Interdepartmental Laboratory of Functional and Cellular Pharmacology of Reproduction, Department of Urology, Immunoallergology Unit, Scientific Affairs Men's Healthcare, Gulf Medical University, Intercept Pharmaceuticals Italia Srl, Department of Clinical Physiopathology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, Florence 50139, Italy
Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, CIRMAR (Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca sulle basi molecolari della Malattie della Riproduzione), Department of Anatomy, Interdepartmental Laboratory of Functional and Cellular Pharmacology of Reproduction, Department of Urology, Immunoallergology Unit, Scientific Affairs Men's Healthcare, Gulf Medical University, Intercept Pharmaceuticals Italia Srl, Department of Clinical Physiopathology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, Florence 50139, Italy
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Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, CIRMAR (Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca sulle basi molecolari della Malattie della Riproduzione), Department of Anatomy, Interdepartmental Laboratory of Functional and Cellular Pharmacology of Reproduction, Department of Urology, Immunoallergology Unit, Scientific Affairs Men's Healthcare, Gulf Medical University, Intercept Pharmaceuticals Italia Srl, Department of Clinical Physiopathology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, Florence 50139, Italy
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Luciano Adorini
Luciano Adorini
Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, CIRMAR (Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca sulle basi molecolari della Malattie della Riproduzione), Department of Anatomy, Interdepartmental Laboratory of Functional and Cellular Pharmacology of Reproduction, Department of Urology, Immunoallergology Unit, Scientific Affairs Men's Healthcare, Gulf Medical University, Intercept Pharmaceuticals Italia Srl, Department of Clinical Physiopathology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, Florence 50139, Italy
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Gabriella B Vannelli
Gabriella B Vannelli
Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, CIRMAR (Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca sulle basi molecolari della Malattie della Riproduzione), Department of Anatomy, Interdepartmental Laboratory of Functional and Cellular Pharmacology of Reproduction, Department of Urology, Immunoallergology Unit, Scientific Affairs Men's Healthcare, Gulf Medical University, Intercept Pharmaceuticals Italia Srl, Department of Clinical Physiopathology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, Florence 50139, Italy
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Mario Maggi
Mario Maggi
Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, CIRMAR (Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca sulle basi molecolari della Malattie della Riproduzione), Department of Anatomy, Interdepartmental Laboratory of Functional and Cellular Pharmacology of Reproduction, Department of Urology, Immunoallergology Unit, Scientific Affairs Men's Healthcare, Gulf Medical University, Intercept Pharmaceuticals Italia Srl, Department of Clinical Physiopathology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, Florence 50139, Italy
Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, CIRMAR (Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca sulle basi molecolari della Malattie della Riproduzione), Department of Anatomy, Interdepartmental Laboratory of Functional and Cellular Pharmacology of Reproduction, Department of Urology, Immunoallergology Unit, Scientific Affairs Men's Healthcare, Gulf Medical University, Intercept Pharmaceuticals Italia Srl, Department of Clinical Physiopathology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, Florence 50139, Italy
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Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, CIRMAR (Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca sulle basi molecolari della Malattie della Riproduzione), Department of Anatomy, Interdepartmental Laboratory of Functional and Cellular Pharmacology of Reproduction, Department of Urology, Immunoallergology Unit, Scientific Affairs Men's Healthcare, Gulf Medical University, Intercept Pharmaceuticals Italia Srl, Department of Clinical Physiopathology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, Florence 50139, Italy
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inflammation) components ( Nickel 1994 , Fibbi et al . 2010 , Moul & McVary 2010 , Donnell 2011 ). A growing body of evidence has documented a strong and independent association between BPH/LUTS and obesity/metabolic syndrome (MetS; Mongiu & McVary 2009
S Otabe
S Otabe
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N Wada
N Wada
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T Hashinaga
T Hashinaga
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X Yuan
X Yuan
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I Shimokawa
I Shimokawa
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Investigative Pathology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahimachi, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
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T Fukutani
T Fukutani
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K Tanaka
K Tanaka
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T Ohki
T Ohki
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S Kakino
S Kakino
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Y Kurita
Y Kurita
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H Nakayama
H Nakayama
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Y Tajiri
Y Tajiri
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K Yamada
K Yamada
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and its circulating levels are inversely proportional to body fat content ( Arita et al . 1999 ). Thus, hypoadiponectinemia is closely associated with metabolic and cardiovascular disorders in metabolic syndrome ( Hotta et al . 2000 , Okamoto et al
