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Patricia C Lisboa Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Roberto Alcantara Gomes Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Avenida 28 de setembro, 87, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20551‐031, Brazil

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Ellen P S Conceição Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Roberto Alcantara Gomes Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Avenida 28 de setembro, 87, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20551‐031, Brazil

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Elaine de Oliveira Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Roberto Alcantara Gomes Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Avenida 28 de setembro, 87, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20551‐031, Brazil

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Egberto G Moura Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Roberto Alcantara Gomes Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Avenida 28 de setembro, 87, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20551‐031, Brazil

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as an association between physical and chemical stimuli in early life and future functional status ( de Moura et al . 2008 ). Overnutrition during lactation represents a risk factor for obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Animals raised in

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Zhiguo Liu Laboratory of Lipid and Glucose Metabolism, Laboratory of Metabolic Medicine, Division of Neuroscience, Department of Biochemistry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China

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Chun Yan Lim Laboratory of Lipid and Glucose Metabolism, Laboratory of Metabolic Medicine, Division of Neuroscience, Department of Biochemistry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China

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Michelle Yu-Fah Su Laboratory of Lipid and Glucose Metabolism, Laboratory of Metabolic Medicine, Division of Neuroscience, Department of Biochemistry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China

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Stephanie Li Ying Soh Laboratory of Lipid and Glucose Metabolism, Laboratory of Metabolic Medicine, Division of Neuroscience, Department of Biochemistry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China

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Guanghou Shui Laboratory of Lipid and Glucose Metabolism, Laboratory of Metabolic Medicine, Division of Neuroscience, Department of Biochemistry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China

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Markus R Wenk Laboratory of Lipid and Glucose Metabolism, Laboratory of Metabolic Medicine, Division of Neuroscience, Department of Biochemistry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China

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Kevin L Grove Laboratory of Lipid and Glucose Metabolism, Laboratory of Metabolic Medicine, Division of Neuroscience, Department of Biochemistry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China

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George K Radda Laboratory of Lipid and Glucose Metabolism, Laboratory of Metabolic Medicine, Division of Neuroscience, Department of Biochemistry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China

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Weiping Han Laboratory of Lipid and Glucose Metabolism, Laboratory of Metabolic Medicine, Division of Neuroscience, Department of Biochemistry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
Laboratory of Lipid and Glucose Metabolism, Laboratory of Metabolic Medicine, Division of Neuroscience, Department of Biochemistry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China

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Xiaoqiu Xiao Laboratory of Lipid and Glucose Metabolism, Laboratory of Metabolic Medicine, Division of Neuroscience, Department of Biochemistry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
Laboratory of Lipid and Glucose Metabolism, Laboratory of Metabolic Medicine, Division of Neuroscience, Department of Biochemistry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China

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that of its control (CTR) that is raised in a normal-sized litter with around ten pups per litter. These chronic postnatal overnutrition (CPO) animals are characterized by persistent overweight and early onset of obesity, hyperleptinemia

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Mariana Renovato Martins Department of Physiology, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Avenue 28 de Setembro, 87-Fundos, 5° andar, Rio de Janeiro 20550-030, Brazil

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Anatalia Kutianski Gonzalez Vieira Department of Physiology, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Avenue 28 de Setembro, 87-Fundos, 5° andar, Rio de Janeiro 20550-030, Brazil

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Érica Patrícia Garcia de Souza Department of Physiology, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Avenue 28 de Setembro, 87-Fundos, 5° andar, Rio de Janeiro 20550-030, Brazil

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Anibal Sanchez Moura Department of Physiology, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Avenue 28 de Setembro, 87-Fundos, 5° andar, Rio de Janeiro 20550-030, Brazil

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may be prone to develop obesity and cardiovascular disease in later life when the state of maternal nutrition is altered ( Armitage et al . 2005 ). Moreover, early postnatal overnutrition may represent a risk factor for later obesity and associated

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Ananda L Rodrigues Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. 28 de setembro 87 fds, Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro 20551-030, RJ, Brazil

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Érica P G De Souza Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. 28 de setembro 87 fds, Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro 20551-030, RJ, Brazil

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Simone V Da Silva Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. 28 de setembro 87 fds, Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro 20551-030, RJ, Brazil

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Dayane S B Rodrigues Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. 28 de setembro 87 fds, Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro 20551-030, RJ, Brazil

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Aline B Nascimento Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. 28 de setembro 87 fds, Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro 20551-030, RJ, Brazil

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Christina Barja-Fidalgo Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. 28 de setembro 87 fds, Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro 20551-030, RJ, Brazil

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Marta S De Freitas Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. 28 de setembro 87 fds, Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro 20551-030, RJ, Brazil

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& Craig 1988 , Plagemann et al . 1992 , Routh et al . 1993 , Jones et al . 1995 , Kozak et al . 2000 ). Experimental and clinical studies have demonstrated that early postnatal overnutrition represents a risk factor for later obesity and associated

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L Johnsen Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Groennegaardsvej 7, DK-1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark

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A H Kongsted Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Groennegaardsvej 7, DK-1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark

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M O Nielsen Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Groennegaardsvej 7, DK-1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark

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been adversely programed during fetal life have an increased risk of developing these diseases when exposed to a mismatching overnutrition situation later in life. In certain developing countries, the incidence of intrauterine growth restriction may be

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E P S Conceição Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Roberto Alcantara Gomes Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

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E G Moura Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Roberto Alcantara Gomes Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

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A C Manhães Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Roberto Alcantara Gomes Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

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J C Carvalho Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Roberto Alcantara Gomes Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

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J L Nobre Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Roberto Alcantara Gomes Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

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E Oliveira Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Roberto Alcantara Gomes Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

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P C Lisboa Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Roberto Alcantara Gomes Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

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180 (+50%; P =0.031) and the SL-Ca group had values similar to controls ( Fig. 1C ). Figure 1 Effects on the body mass, food consumption and NPY content of postnatal early overnutrition followed by 2months of dietary calcium supplementation at

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Miguel A Velazquez School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK

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Tom P Fleming Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK

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Adam J Watkins Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK

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subject. Maternal overnutrition and obesity High maternal body mass index (BMI) and obesity has long been associated with reduced fertility and the occurrence of obesity in children, mediated by raised maternal metabolites such as glucose and

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Rachel Botchlett Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA
Pinnacle Clinical Research, Live Oak, USA

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Shih-Lung Woo Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA

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Mengyang Liu Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA

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Ya Pei Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA

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Xin Guo Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA
Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA

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Honggui Li Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA

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Chaodong Wu Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA

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how overnutrition stimulates this process. For example, many studies have reported increased expressions of genes involved in the fat deposition and/or decreased expressions of genes that regulate beta oxidation following overnutrition ( Hudgins et al

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Antonio Gonzalez-Bulnes
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Susana Astiz
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Cristina Ovilo Departamento de Reproducción Animal, Departamento de Mejora Genética Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Micros Veterinaria, INIA, Avenida Puerta de Hierro s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain

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Clemente J Lopez-Bote Departamento de Reproducción Animal, Departamento de Mejora Genética Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Micros Veterinaria, INIA, Avenida Puerta de Hierro s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain

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Raul Sanchez-Sanchez
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Maria L Perez-Solana
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Laura Torres-Rovira Departamento de Reproducción Animal, Departamento de Mejora Genética Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Micros Veterinaria, INIA, Avenida Puerta de Hierro s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain

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Miriam Ayuso Departamento de Reproducción Animal, Departamento de Mejora Genética Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Micros Veterinaria, INIA, Avenida Puerta de Hierro s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain

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Jorge Gonzalez Departamento de Reproducción Animal, Departamento de Mejora Genética Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Micros Veterinaria, INIA, Avenida Puerta de Hierro s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain

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undernutrition or overnutrition induces higher body corpulence and adiposity, development of metabolic syndrome and the prodrome of type-2 diabetes in the first generation of descendants ( Barbero et al . 2013 ). The objective of this study was to determine the

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Silva Sütt Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Emmelie Cansby Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Alexandra Paul Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Division of Chemical Biology, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Manoj Amrutkar Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway

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Esther Nuñez-Durán Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Nagaraj M Kulkarni Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Marcus Ståhlman Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Jan Borén Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Jurga Laurencikiene Lipid Laboratory, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

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Brian W Howell Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA

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Sven Enerbäck Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Margit Mahlapuu Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Adipose tissue is the key tissue affected by over-nutrition, and whole-body energy homeostasis critically depends on how well adipose depots remodel in response to an excess of calories. In this study, we describe the novel function of key metabolic

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