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Introduction Thyroid hormone is essential for many diverse processes in nearly all vertebrate tissues, and abnormal thyroid hormone signaling underpins several human diseases ( Laudet & Gronemeyer 2002 , Chen et al . 2013 , Kim & Cheng 2013
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. Thyroid hormone (TH) deiodination is mediated by three selenoenzymes: type 1 deiodinase (D1), preferentially expressed in the liver and also expressed in the kidney, thyroid, and pituitary; D2, present in the CNS, anterior pituitary, brown adipose tissue
Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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Introduction Over the past 25 years, the many roles that thyroid hormone (TH) plays in regulating fetal development have come to light. Because maternal plasma thyroid hormone levels influence fetal levels, abnormal maternal thyroid hormone
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Cardiovascular Research Institute & Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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determine the physiological mechanisms driving the loss of mammalian heart regenerative potential after birth ( Porrello et al. 2011 , Wang et al. 2020 ). We have recently reported that increasing levels of thyroid hormones after birth are key drivers
Endocrine Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Endocrine Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Introduction Thyroid hormone (TH) is essential for development, growth and metabolism; a large variety of cells and organs are affected by TH and dependent on TH for proper function. The main TH target organs are the liver, bone, kidney
Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
Division of Biochemistry, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
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Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
Division of Biochemistry, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
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://www.r-project.org/ ). Differences were considered significant when P < 0.05. Results TRβ147F mice had less trabecular bone In previous studies, we reported that thyroid hormone-deficient Tshr hyt/hyt mutant mice had reduced trabecular bone mass compared to
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one of the most important tissues involved in energy expenditure and glucose and lipid homeostasis ( Salvatore et al . 2014 , Lombardi et al . 2015 ). In SM, thyroid hormones (TH – thyroxine or T 4 and triiodothyronine or T 3 ) participate in
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( Kedderis & Rickert 1985 , Laurence et al . 1998 , Heidari et al . 2012 ) and as such they may still disturb normal development. It also remains unclear to what extent maternal MMI treatment disturbs thyroid hormone (TH)-dependent development in the
Graduate School for Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA
Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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testis development and intergenerational transmission of epigenetic information, thyroid hormones (TH) have pleiotropic effects in mammalian systems, and the developing testis is also a critical target organ ( Hernandez 2018 b ). Alterations in TH status
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& Robitaille 2003 , Nedergaard et al. 2003 , Bachoo et al. 2004 ). Astrocytes are mediators of thyroid hormone metabolism in the brain The importance of thyroid hormone for normal brain development is well documented
