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Cyril S Anyetei-Anum Department of Biology, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia, USA

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Vincent R Roggero Department of Biology, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia, USA

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Lizabeth A Allison Department of Biology, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia, USA

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, Mullur et al . 2014 , Mondal et al . 2016 , Mendoza & Hollenberg 2017 , van der Spek et al . 2017 ). Much of thyroid hormone action is mediated by the thyroid hormone receptors (TRs), members of the nuclear receptor superfamily that act as ligand

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J Kwakkel Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center F5-165, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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W M Wiersinga Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center F5-165, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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A Boelen Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center F5-165, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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decreased activity of liver D1 therefore contributes to low serum T 3 levels. TRβ1, one of the thyroid hormone receptors through which T 3 exerts its actions in the liver, is also downregulated in an animal model of NTI. This suggests that impaired T 3

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C R Liu Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Department of Pathology, Ministry of Health China, Endocrinology Institute of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Medical Institute, Tianjin 300070, China

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L Y Li
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F Shi
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X Y Zang
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Y M Liu Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Department of Pathology, Ministry of Health China, Endocrinology Institute of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Medical Institute, Tianjin 300070, China

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Y Sun
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B H Kan
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-affinity thyroid hormone receptor (TR) located in the nucleus. TR plays an important role in mediating the cardiac physiologic actions of T 3 ( Sussman 2001 , Dillmann 2002 ). Normal thyroid hormone level is essential for maintaining normal heart structure and

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Ana Sofia Rocha IPATIMUP, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Rua Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-065 Porto, Portugal
Department of Pathology, Hospital São João, Porto, Portugal
Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal

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Ricardo Marques IPATIMUP, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Rua Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-065 Porto, Portugal
Department of Pathology, Hospital São João, Porto, Portugal
Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal

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Inês Bento IPATIMUP, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Rua Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-065 Porto, Portugal
Department of Pathology, Hospital São João, Porto, Portugal
Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal

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Ricardo Soares IPATIMUP, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Rua Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-065 Porto, Portugal
Department of Pathology, Hospital São João, Porto, Portugal
Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal

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João Magalhães IPATIMUP, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Rua Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-065 Porto, Portugal
Department of Pathology, Hospital São João, Porto, Portugal
Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal

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Inês Vieira de Castro IPATIMUP, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Rua Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-065 Porto, Portugal
Department of Pathology, Hospital São João, Porto, Portugal
Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal

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Paula Soares IPATIMUP, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Rua Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-065 Porto, Portugal
Department of Pathology, Hospital São João, Porto, Portugal
Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal

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( Castro et al. 2006 ). At variance with PTC, a mouse model for FTC was lacking until Kaneshige et al. (2000) described a mutant mouse with a mutation ( PV ) targeted to the thyroid hormone receptor β (THRB) locus. In a heterozygous condition

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Bénédicte Rabier INSERM U577-Biomatériaux et Réparation Tissulaire, Université Bordeaux 2 Victor Segalen, Zone Nord, Bâtiment 4A, 2ème étage, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France
Université Victor Segalen Bordeaux 2, Bordeaux, France
Molecular Endocrinology Group, Division of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
Laboratoire de Biologie et Ingénierie du Cartilage, Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, UMR 5086 CNRS/UCBLyon 1, 7 passage du Vercors, 69367 Lyon Cedex 07, France

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Allan J Williams INSERM U577-Biomatériaux et Réparation Tissulaire, Université Bordeaux 2 Victor Segalen, Zone Nord, Bâtiment 4A, 2ème étage, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France
Université Victor Segalen Bordeaux 2, Bordeaux, France
Molecular Endocrinology Group, Division of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
Laboratoire de Biologie et Ingénierie du Cartilage, Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, UMR 5086 CNRS/UCBLyon 1, 7 passage du Vercors, 69367 Lyon Cedex 07, France

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Frederic Mallein-Gerin INSERM U577-Biomatériaux et Réparation Tissulaire, Université Bordeaux 2 Victor Segalen, Zone Nord, Bâtiment 4A, 2ème étage, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France
Université Victor Segalen Bordeaux 2, Bordeaux, France
Molecular Endocrinology Group, Division of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
Laboratoire de Biologie et Ingénierie du Cartilage, Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, UMR 5086 CNRS/UCBLyon 1, 7 passage du Vercors, 69367 Lyon Cedex 07, France

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Graham R Williams INSERM U577-Biomatériaux et Réparation Tissulaire, Université Bordeaux 2 Victor Segalen, Zone Nord, Bâtiment 4A, 2ème étage, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France
Université Victor Segalen Bordeaux 2, Bordeaux, France
Molecular Endocrinology Group, Division of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
Laboratoire de Biologie et Ingénierie du Cartilage, Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, UMR 5086 CNRS/UCBLyon 1, 7 passage du Vercors, 69367 Lyon Cedex 07, France

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O Chassande INSERM U577-Biomatériaux et Réparation Tissulaire, Université Bordeaux 2 Victor Segalen, Zone Nord, Bâtiment 4A, 2ème étage, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France
Université Victor Segalen Bordeaux 2, Bordeaux, France
Molecular Endocrinology Group, Division of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
Laboratoire de Biologie et Ingénierie du Cartilage, Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, UMR 5086 CNRS/UCBLyon 1, 7 passage du Vercors, 69367 Lyon Cedex 07, France

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. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 11 105 –113. Amma LL , Campos-Barros A, Wang Z, Vennstrom B & Forrest D 2001 Distinct tissue-specific roles for thyroid hormone receptors beta and alpha1 in regulation of type 1

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Cássio M Villicev Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof Lineu Prestes, 2415 Sao Paulo 05508-900, Brazil
School of Arts, Sciences & Humanities, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Department of Biosciences, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Departments of Pharmaceutical Chemistry & Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

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Fatima R S Freitas Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof Lineu Prestes, 2415 Sao Paulo 05508-900, Brazil
School of Arts, Sciences & Humanities, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Department of Biosciences, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Departments of Pharmaceutical Chemistry & Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

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Marcelo S Aoki Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof Lineu Prestes, 2415 Sao Paulo 05508-900, Brazil
School of Arts, Sciences & Humanities, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Department of Biosciences, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Departments of Pharmaceutical Chemistry & Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

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Cássio Taffarel Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof Lineu Prestes, 2415 Sao Paulo 05508-900, Brazil
School of Arts, Sciences & Humanities, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Department of Biosciences, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Departments of Pharmaceutical Chemistry & Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

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Thomas S Scanlan Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof Lineu Prestes, 2415 Sao Paulo 05508-900, Brazil
School of Arts, Sciences & Humanities, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Department of Biosciences, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Departments of Pharmaceutical Chemistry & Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

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Anselmo S Moriscot Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof Lineu Prestes, 2415 Sao Paulo 05508-900, Brazil
School of Arts, Sciences & Humanities, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Department of Biosciences, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Departments of Pharmaceutical Chemistry & Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

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Miriam O Ribeiro Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof Lineu Prestes, 2415 Sao Paulo 05508-900, Brazil
School of Arts, Sciences & Humanities, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Department of Biosciences, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Departments of Pharmaceutical Chemistry & Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

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Antonio C Bianco Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof Lineu Prestes, 2415 Sao Paulo 05508-900, Brazil
School of Arts, Sciences & Humanities, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Department of Biosciences, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Departments of Pharmaceutical Chemistry & Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

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Cecília H A Gouveia Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof Lineu Prestes, 2415 Sao Paulo 05508-900, Brazil
School of Arts, Sciences & Humanities, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Department of Biosciences, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Departments of Pharmaceutical Chemistry & Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

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-affinity subtype-selective agonist ligand for the thyroid hormone receptor. Chemistry and Biology 5 299 –306. Danzi S & Klein I 2004 Thyroid hormone and the cardiovascular system. Minerva Endocrinologica 29 139 –150

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Rosalba Senese
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Federica Cioffi Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy

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Pieter de Lange
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Fernando Goglia Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy

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Antonia Lanni
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XG Willingham MC Cheng SY 2009 Distinct dysregulation of lipid metabolism by unliganded thyroid hormone receptor isoforms . Molecular Endocrinology 23 308 – 315 . ( doi:10.1210/me.2008-0311 ) Arnold S Goglia F Kadenbach B 1998 3

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J Kwakkel
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O Chassande Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center University of Amsterdam, INSERM U 577, Université Victor Segalen Bordeaux 2, F5-165, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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H C van Beeren
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W M Wiersinga
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A Boelen
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. Table 1 Basal laboratory values of thyroid hormone receptor (TRβ −/− ) and wild-type (WT) mice. Mean values± s.e.m. are given Wild-type TRβ −/− ♀ ♂ ♀ ♂ Serum T 3 (nmol/l) 1.55±0.34 1.34±0.14 2.53±0.24* 2.68±0.21 † Serum T 4 (nmol/l) 67±6 57±4 133

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Anne H van der Spek Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Eric Fliers Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Anita Boelen Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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2015 Antitumor responses stimulated by dendritic cells are improved by triiodothyronine binding to the thyroid hormone receptor beta . Cancer Research 75 1265 – 1274 . ( doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-14-1875 ) Alamino VA Montesinos MM

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A Boelen Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, F5-165, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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J Kwakkel Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, F5-165, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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X G Vos Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, F5-165, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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W M Wiersinga Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, F5-165, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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E Fliers Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, F5-165, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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administration to fasted mice on deiodinase, TSH, and thyroid hormone receptor (TR) gene expression in the anterior pituitary. The aim of the present study was, therefore, to evaluate fasting-induced alterations in pituitary TSHβ, D2, and TRβ2 mRNA expression, as

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