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Medical Sciences Division, Departments of Biology, Biomolecular Sciences Program, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
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Medical Sciences Division, Departments of Biology, Biomolecular Sciences Program, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
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Medical Sciences Division, Departments of Biology, Biomolecular Sciences Program, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
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Medical Sciences Division, Departments of Biology, Biomolecular Sciences Program, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
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Medical Sciences Division, Departments of Biology, Biomolecular Sciences Program, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
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Medical Sciences Division, Departments of Biology, Biomolecular Sciences Program, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
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Medical Sciences Division, Departments of Biology, Biomolecular Sciences Program, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
Medical Sciences Division, Departments of Biology, Biomolecular Sciences Program, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
Medical Sciences Division, Departments of Biology, Biomolecular Sciences Program, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
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& Sennlaub 2005 , Ligi et al . 2010 ), as well as altered activity of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) ( Bouret 2009 , Boyne et al . 2009 ), and the sympatho-adrenal (SA) axes ( Young 2002 , Johansson et al . 2007 ). Further, studies have
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series of rare monogenic disorders of corticosteroid synthesis (congenital adrenal hypertrophy (CAH)), where abnormal levels of intermediate compounds can be both pathogenic and diagnostic ( Miller & Auchus 2011 ). Importantly, qualitatively similar but
Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Service de Génétique, Paris, France
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Introduction Primary aldosteronism (PA) is due to excessive and autonomous aldosterone production by the adrenal cortex. It is the most frequent form of secondary hypertension with an estimated prevalence up to 10% in referred patients, 4% in
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Introduction Cholesterol is the sole precursor for the synthesis of steroid hormones including adrenal-derived glucocorticoids, i.e., cortisol in man and corticosterone in rodents. The cholesterol used for steroidogenesis can theoretically be
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al . 2004 ). It is well known that adrenal medulla and pheochromocytomas express various neuropeptides and vasoactive peptides, such as neuropeptide Y (NPY) and AM, and their receptors ( Hinson et al . 2000 , Spinazzi et al . 2005 ). Moreover
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Introduction Zona glomerulosa (ZG), zona fasciculata (ZF) and zona reticularis (ZR) are the three major cortical zones (definitive zones) in the mammalian adrenal gland. In human fetal adrenals, there is another cortical layer in the inner
Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University (formerly Georgia Regents University), Augusta, GA, USA
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have each been shown to play a role in regulating steroidogenesis in the adrenal cortex. This review discusses each in turn, as well as the evidence linking them to adrenal steroid hormone production. Figure 1 The reactions catalyzed by
Unidade de Suprarrenal, Instituto do Câncer de São Paulo ICESP, Département de Médecine, Disciplina de Endocrinologia e Metabologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Unidade de Suprarrenal, Instituto do Câncer de São Paulo ICESP, Département de Médecine, Disciplina de Endocrinologia e Metabologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Introduction Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-independent macronodular adrenal hyperplasia (AIMAH) is a rare and insidious cause of Cushing's syndrome (CS), and accounts for <2% of all endogenous cases of CS ( Arnaldi et al . 2003 , Lacroix
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Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Laboratory Animal Nutrition, Japan Meat Science and Technology Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine
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, including polychlorinated biphenyls, dioxin, lindab and others, can affect the synthesis of adrenal steroids; however, only a few studies investigating their effects on the adrenal glands and adrenal steroidogenesis have been carried out, and no studies of
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Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis The adrenal glands are responsible for releasing different classes of hormones. The inner part of the glands, the medulla, secretes catecholamines under the control of the sympathetic nervous system. The outer