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Centre for Systems Health and Integrated Metabolic Research, Department of Biosciences, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
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Introduction Bone marrow adipocytes comprise up to 70% of total bone marrow (BM) volume and over 10% of total adipose mass in healthy adult humans, collectively forming an integrated tissue referred to as bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT
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Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Introduction Bone marrow adipose tissue (MAT) is a complex and dynamic depot that likely includes both constitutive and regulated cell populations ( Devlin & Rosen 2015 , Scheller et al . 2015 ). MAT accumulation is a normal component of
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bones involves its integral role in the endocrine control of whole-body energy metabolism ( Guntur & Rosen 2013 ). One example of the poorly understood metabolic functions of the skeleton is the presence of adipose tissue within the bone marrow
Skeletal Biology Laboratory, Center for Healthy Aging Research, Biostatistics, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences
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Skeletal Biology Laboratory, Center for Healthy Aging Research, Biostatistics, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences
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proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans with toluidine blue was used to identify the cartilage within trabeculae. Adipocyte number and area were also measured and expressed as bone marrow adiposity (tissue area occupied by adipocytes: adipocyte area/tissue area
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Departments of Medicine and Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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hypogonadal patients as compared to the other fat depots, bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) is significantly associated with skeletal health. Although studies on the function of BMAT is limited, it is clear that increased BMAT is associated with decreased bone
Center for Healthy Aging Research, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
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Center for Healthy Aging Research, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
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et al . 2013 ). The lower bone formation generally reported in these mice is primarily due to reduced osteoblast number, although reduced osteoblast activity has also been noted. The dramatic increase in bone marrow adipose tissue (MAT) in long bones
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of adherent soft tissue. The bone ends were cut, and the marrow cavity was flushed with α-MEM from one end of the bone using a sterile 21-gauge needle. The bone marrow was further agitated using a Pasteur pipette in order to obtain a single
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and reduced Sost gene expression, indicating that ACTH may contribute to the high bone mass phenotype of null mice. In contrast, high plasma leptin levels and enhanced Lep gene expression in adipose tissue were seen in null females only. Moreover
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release from stimulated macrophages ( Yoshizaki et al . 2010 , Zhang et al . 2010 ). Myeloid-cell-specific deletion of Sirt1 increases macrophage infiltration into the liver and adipose tissues, as well as production of proinflammatory cytokines, and
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Introduction Accumulation of inflammatory macrophages in adipose tissue (AT) during obesity has been shown to correlate with AT inflammation and subsequent insulin resistance (IR; Weisberg et al . 2003 , Xu et al . 2003 ). In addition, the