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Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
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Introduction It was in the 1930s, after the discovery and first use of insulin, that Harold Percival Himsworth first made the distinction between type 1 and type 2 diabetes ( Bryder & Harper 2013 ). However, it was not until the 1970s
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because of their causal association with diabetes mellitus. For this reason, α cell research has been somewhat neglected, leaving many unanswered questions about α cell biology. However, in recent years, α cell research has gained momentum due to the
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Introduction Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disease with a strong inflammatory component that results from the interaction between predisposing genes and environmental factors (e.g. viral infections and diet). This interaction
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modulation ( Fig. 1 ), it is clear that this signalling pathway holds theoretical promise for the treatment of both type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity, as has been witnessed to profound effect with GLP-1 ( Nauck et al. 2021 a ). This is especially
Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Qatar Foundation – Education City, Weill Cornell Medical College – Qatar, PO Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
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body, as they are revealed by studies of metabolic profiling in diabetes ( German et al . 2005 , Wenk 2005 ). Application of metabolomics approaches to metabolic disorders, especially diabetes, is particularly promising since deregulations of
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Introduction The incidence of diabetes mellitus, particularly obesity-related type 2 diabetes, is increasing at an alarming rate in the developed world, and this epidemic is driving numerous research programmes into the causes of, and new treatment
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Introduction Type 1 diabetes is a T cell-mediated autoimmune disease caused by the destruction of insulin-producing β cells of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas, resulting in a hyperglycemic state. Non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice (NOD
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Introduction Diabetes mellitus (DM) affects 347 million people worldwide. The World Health Organization predicts that diabetes-related deaths could double between 2005 and 2030. The research conducted by American Diabetes Association estimated that
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Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland
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Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland
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Heterogeneity of diabetes Present official classification of diabetes Diabetes, particularly type 2 diabetes (T2D), is one of the fastest increasing diseases worldwide. However, under the term T2D, we lump together diseases with varying
University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK
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Cambridge University Nanjing Centre of Technology and Innovation, Nanjing, P. R. China
Centro de Investigacion Principe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
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associated with a subsequent rise in the incidence of diabetes ( GBD 2021 Diabetes Collaborators 2023 ), making obesity a widely recognised risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) ( Klein et al. 2022 ). Additionally, emerging