increasing the conversion of cholesterol to bile acids (BAs) ( Worthmann et al. 2017 ). Of interest, the liver is the main metabolic organ that controls whole-body TG, cholesterol and BA metabolism. With respect to TG homeostasis, the liver is able to
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Aldo Grefhorst, Johanna C van den Beukel, Wieneke Dijk, Jacobie Steenbergen, Gardi J Voortman, Selmar Leeuwenburgh, Theo J Visser, Sander Kersten, Edith C H Friesema, Axel P N Themmen, and Jenny A Visser
Andre Sarmento-Cabral, Mercedes del Rio-Moreno, Mari C Vazquez-Borrego, Mariyah Mahmood, Elena Gutierrez-Casado, Natalie Pelke, Grace Guzman, Papasani V Subbaiah, Jose Cordoba-Chacon, Shoshana Yakar, and Rhonda D Kineman
Introduction In the healthy liver, hepatocyte growth hormone receptor (GHR)-signaling activates multiple intracellular signal transduction pathways to modulate hepatic function ( Dehkhoda et al. 2018 ). It is well accepted that GH signals
Leke Wiering and Frank Tacke
Introduction Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most common chronic liver disease ( Cotter & Rinella 2020 ). Various stages are grouped under the term NAFLD ( Fig. 1 ): the initial stages of non-alcoholic fatty liver
E M de Vries, H C van Beeren, M T Ackermans, A Kalsbeek, E Fliers, and A Boelen
, the peripheral handling of THs is also markedly altered during fasting ( Vagenakis et al . 1977 , Harris et al . 1978 ). In the liver, an important site for TH metabolism, type 1 deiodinase (D1) and type 3 deiodinase (D3) are expressed. Type 1
Hyo Youl Moon, Parkyong Song, Cheol Soo Choi, Sung Ho Ryu, and Pann-Ghill Suh
2008 ). Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common hepatic component of metabolic syndrome, which is highly associated with obesity and insulin resistance ( Postic & Girard 2008 ). A representative phenomenon of NAFLD is hepatic
Prabhakara R Nagareddy, Sunil K Noothi, Michelle C Flynn, and Andrew J Murphy
emphasis on reticulated platelets and the role of the liver in regulating megakaryopoiesis and thrombopoiesis. Cardiovascular risk factor contribution to myelopoiesis As stated earlier, monocyte levels are associated with CAD. However, different
Peixin Li, Zhijian Rao, Brenton Thomas Laing, Wyatt Bunner, Taylor Landry, Amber Prete, Yuan Yuan, Zhong-Tao Zhang, and Hu Huang
considered to be primarily from limited energy intake. Benefits include enhanced insulin action in skeletal muscle ( Friedman et al. 1992 ), decreased fat content in adipose tissue ( Dadson et al. 2016 ) and suppressed fat accumulation in the liver
Samuel M Lee, Jose Muratalla, Marta Sierra-Cruz, and Jose Cordoba-Chacon
metabolism. As such, extensive research has been performed on them to develop pharmacological therapies to treat diseases such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The activation of these receptors with exogenous ligands, however, may evoke side
Mohamed Asrih and François R Jornayvaz
Introduction Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major health problem considered to be the most common chronic liver disorder in the Western countries. NAFLD is estimated to affect at least 30% of the general population ( Ratziu et al
Nikolaos Nikolaou, Anastasia Arvaniti, Nathan Appanna, Anna Sharp, Beverly A Hughes, Dena Digweed, Martin J Whitaker, Richard Ross, Wiebke Arlt, Trevor M Penning, Karen Morris, Sherly George, Brian G Keevil, Leanne Hodson, Laura L Gathercole, and Jeremy W Tomlinson
Introduction Glucocorticoids (GCs) are steroid hormones that are released in response to stress and play a crucial role in inflammation and in carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism. Within key metabolic target tissues, notably the liver
